Lesson Plan | Active Methodology | School and Community

Premises: This Active Lesson Plan assumes: a 100-minute class duration, prior student study both with the Book and the beginning of Project development, and that only one activity (among the three suggested) will be chosen to be carried out during the class, as each activity is designed to take up a large part of the available time.

Objective

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

Defining objectives is crucial for guiding both students and teachers during the lesson. By clearly outlining expectations, this section acts as a roadmap that helps everyone understand the lesson's purpose and the skills to be developed.

Objective Utama:

1. Empower students to recognize and identify the changes and continuities in the structures and functions of schools and communities throughout history.

2. Develop the ability to relate these transformations to the social and economic context of different periods.

Objective Tambahan:

1. Encourage curiosity and questioning about how institutions and social structures have evolved over time.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The primary goal of the introduction is to engage students in exploring the theme through thought-provoking scenarios that encourage them to build on and deepen their prior knowledge. This section highlights the importance of studying changes in school and community environments, sparking curiosity and reflection on their historical and social relationships. It's a crucial stage for setting up the learning environment and motivating students to think critically.

Problem-Based Situation

1. Imagine you're a student in a school from the 19th century. What would your classroom be like? What learning materials would you have? What would your relationship with the teacher look like?

2. Consider what life was like in the community of your grandparents or great-grandparents. How were homes constructed? What modes of transportation were common? How were children educated? Compare these features with what we see today.

Contextualization

Over the years, classrooms have changed significantly, evolving from simple rooms with benches and minimal books to vibrant, interactive environments. Communities have also transformed, from mud houses to brick ones, and from horse-drawn transportation to cars. Grasping these changes helps us appreciate our current reality and the progress made.

Development

Duration: (75 - 80 minutes)

The development stage allows students to practically and creatively apply their knowledge of school and community structure evolution. Through engaging and hands-on activities, students can visually explore changes and continuities over time, reinforcing their learning meaningfully. Each activity is designed to develop specific skills, like historical inquiry, teamwork, and critical thinking, while encouraging active knowledge construction.

Activity Suggestions

It is recommended that only one of the suggested activities be carried out

Activity 1 - Builders of the Past

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Recognize and visually depict changes in school and residential structures over time.

- Description: In this activity, students will be tasked with creating miniatures of a school and a house from different historical periods using recyclable materials, paper, fabrics, and paints to build replicas that reflect what those environments looked like.

- Instructions:

• Divide the class into groups of up to 5 students.

• Each group selects a different historical period (for example, the 18th century for the school and the 19th century for the house).

• Groups will quickly research the features of these structures online or using reference books.

• Based on their research, each group sketches their intended design.

• Using the available materials, groups construct their miniatures, focusing on details like furniture, utensils, and typical decorations of the era.

• At the end, each group presents their creation to the class, explaining their design choices and the historical significance represented.

Activity 2 - Time Detectives

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Enhance investigative and critical analysis skills regarding historical shifts in social structures.

- Description: Students will become detectives of the past, exploring what schools and communities were like in different eras. They will use a 'time capsule' filled with symbolic objects from each period to draw conclusions and hypothesize about the daily lives of people from these times.

- Instructions:

• Prepare a 'time capsule' with items representing various historical periods (such as an abacus for the 18th century, a fountain pen for the 19th century, and a tablet for modern times).

• Introduce the capsule to the class and explain how each item is a clue about the era it represents.

• Divide the class into groups and give each an investigation sheet.

• Groups receive a set of objects from the time capsule and use their sheets to identify which period they think each object belongs to and why.

• Each group shares its findings and reasoning with the class, discussing the changes noted across periods.

Activity 3 - Architects of the Future

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Encourage creativity and reflection on the influence of social and technological advancements on educational and residential environments.

- Description: In this activity, students will design the school and house of the future, factoring in technological advancements, social changes, and environmental considerations. They will use paper, markers, and other materials to sketch and model their innovative ideas.

- Instructions:

• Brainstorm with students about what technological, social, and environmental advancements could shape future schools and homes.

• Divide students into groups and ask each to design a model of a futuristic school and house.

• Groups will sketch and construct small-scale models using paper, markers, and various art supplies.

• Each group presents their project to the class, explaining their innovative features and how they connect to future challenges and opportunities.

• Encourage a discussion about how these predicted changes might affect schools and communities.

Feedback

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The goal of this stage is to consolidate learning, allowing students to articulate their acquired knowledge and reflect on how practical activities connect with historical concepts discussed. Group discussions promote communication and reasoning skills while giving students a chance to learn from one another, appreciating the diverse viewpoints within the classroom.

Group Discussion

To kick off the group discussion, the teacher may say: 'Now that everyone has had a chance to delve into different aspects of how educational and community structures have changed over time, let's share what we've found and our thoughts. Each group will have a few minutes to summarize what they've built and the key conclusions of their project, starting with the group that focused on the earliest period.'

Key Questions

1. What were the biggest surprises in investigating and creating models of schools and houses from various eras?

2. How do changes in school and community structures mirror the social and technological transformations of each period?

3. What changes do you foresee continuing in the future of schools and communities, and why?

Conclusion

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

The aim of the conclusion is to ensure students leave with a clear, consolidated understanding of the content covered throughout the lesson. Summarizing key points aids in knowledge retention, while discussions about the practical application and relevance of the theme to students' everyday lives strengthen the connection between theoretical study and real-life experiences. Additionally, this stage reinforces the importance of ongoing learning about the past and its implications for the present and future.

Summary

In concluding the lesson, the teacher should summarize the main changes and continuities in school and community structures over time, highlighting the discoveries made by students during practical activities. This will be a chance for students to solidify the knowledge gained and link these transformations to the historical and social contexts of each period examined.

Theory Connection

Today's lesson is crafted to blend theory and practice, allowing students to apply historical knowledge in activities that mimic the construction and exploration of past and future structures. This method enhances the understanding of studied concepts and sparks students' curiosity and active participation in the learning process.

Closing

Finally, the teacher will underscore the significance of studying changes in school and community structures to better understand the present and prepare for the future. Comprehending these changes enriches students' historical awareness and cultivates a critical understanding of how innovations and traditions shape our society.