Lesson Plan | Active Methodology | Addition and Subtraction of Natural Numbers Less than 100

Premises: This Active Lesson Plan assumes: a 100-minute class duration, prior student study both with the Book and the beginning of Project development, and that only one activity (among the three suggested) will be chosen to be carried out during the class, as each activity is designed to take up a large part of the available time.

Objective

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

Setting clear objectives is key for guiding both students and the teacher toward specific learning outcomes for the lesson. By clearly defining expectations, both students and teachers can better prepare for classroom activities, ensuring that class time is spent meaningfully. These objectives also help align expectations and provide a clear benchmark for assessing progress throughout the lesson.

Objective Utama:

1. Enable students to add and subtract two-digit numbers, whether they use specific algorithms or not to simplify their calculations.

2. Improve problem-solving skills related to addition and subtraction of numbers up to two digits, highlighting the practical use of these operations.

Objective Tambahan:

1. Foster analytical skills and logical reasoning among students through hands-on, interactive experiences.
2. Encourage teamwork and communication among students during group activities, promoting a collaborative learning environment.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The introduction seeks to engage students by presenting relatable problem-solving scenarios that incorporate knowledge they’ve previously learned. By introducing situations they might face in daily life, it helps emphasize the relevance of their learning, which boosts interest and motivation to delve deeper into the topic.

Problem-Based Situation

1. Imagine you’re in a candy shop wanting to buy 47 gummy bears and 32 chocolate bars. How many treats will you take home altogether?

2. If you have 85 stickers and decide to share 29 with your best friend, how many stickers will you have left?

Contextualization

Addition and subtraction are essential skills we use in our everyday lives, whether it's figuring out how much change to expect after a purchase or dividing snacks evenly at a get-together. Mastering these calculations not only aids in daily tasks but also enhances logical reasoning and the ability to tackle more complex problems.

Development

Duration: (75 - 80 minutes)

The development phase aims to apply addition and subtraction concepts in a practical and engaging manner, utilising interactive methods that encourage student participation. The planned activities immerse students in real or enjoyable scenarios, helping them solidify their learning in a meaningful way. Each activity is designed to function independently, ensuring that the learning objectives are achieved regardless of the teacher's selection.

Activity Suggestions

It is recommended that only one of the suggested activities be carried out

Activity 1 - Number Supermarket

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Practice addition and subtraction in a fun, practical setting, encouraging teamwork and quick thinking.

- Description: In this engaging activity, students are split into groups and tasked with 'shopping' for items for a birthday bash using a price list and a set amount of fake money. Each item has a price, and students must strategically add and subtract values to stay within their budget.

- Instructions:

• Divide the class into groups of up to 5 students.

• Provide the price list of party items and the amount of fake money.

• Students should select the items they wish to 'buy' and calculate their total to ensure they don't go over budget.

• A member from each group needs to explain the calculations they made for their selections.

• Finally, each group will present what they managed to 'purchase' and how they allocated their funds.

Activity 2 - Balloon Race

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Hone addition and subtraction skills in an energetic, competitive atmosphere while fostering cooperation and communication among students.

- Description: Students take part in a relay race where each leg involves solving an addition or subtraction problem to progress. Each correct answer lets the group move to the next station, where another challenge awaits.

- Instructions:

• Organize the classroom into different stations, each set with an addition or subtraction problem.

• Split the students into groups and line each group up at their starting point.

• When ready, the first student from each group solves their station's problem and, if correct, advances to the next station.

• Each subsequent group member tackles the new problem until they complete the circuit.

• The first group to finish, answering all questions correctly, wins.

Activity 3 - Math Mystery

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Encourage critical thinking and the application of addition and subtraction in a playful setting, promoting collaboration and logical reasoning.

- Description: In this activity, students employ their addition and subtraction skills to crack a 'mystery' by uncovering combinations of numbers based on given clues. Each clue leads to the next until the group solves the final riddle.

- Instructions:

• Hand out a set of clues to each group, where each clue involves an addition or subtraction problem.

• Students work through the operations and keep track of their results to find the next clue.

• Solving each clue leads to the next, creating a chain until they reach the final mystery.

• The first group to solve the last mystery wins a small reward.

Feedback

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

This segment is pivotal for solidifying students' understanding, allowing them to reflect on the learning experience and share their insights. Group discussions reinforce mathematical concepts by enabling students to articulate their understanding and hear different perspectives from their peers, fostering deeper collaborative learning.

Group Discussion

Encourage a class discussion where all students can share insights from their experiences in the activities. You could kick off the conversation by saying: 'Let’s discuss what each group learned during the activities. I’d like each group to highlight something interesting or challenging they faced and how they tackled it.'

Key Questions

1. What strategies did your group use to solve addition and subtraction problems more quickly?

2. How did you support one another during the group tasks?

3. Was there any mistake your group made initially, and how did you fix it?

Conclusion

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

The conclusion phase is crucial for reinforcing students' grasp of the lesson’s content. By summarizing key takeaways, linking theory to practice, and underscoring the relevance to daily life, this section helps students internalize their learning while recognizing the real-world value of the math skills developed. It also sets the stage for future lessons, underlining the importance of applying math knowledge across various contexts.

Summary

The conclusion involves summarizing the procedures for adding and subtracting natural numbers less than 100, reinforcing the strategies and methods used. It emphasizes the importance of precision in calculations and how the skills acquired are applicable in everyday situations.

Theory Connection

Throughout the lesson, theoretical concepts of addition and subtraction were practiced through activities like 'Number Supermarket,' simulating a shopping experience, and 'Balloon Race,' which incorporated physical movement and friendly competition into the learning process. This connection shows how mathematics is intertwined with daily life, enhancing students' understanding and retention.

Closing

At the end, we underscore the significance of mastering addition and subtraction for students’ everyday lives, from calculating change to managing small amounts of cash. These skills are critical not only for success in math but for overall independence and confidence in their arithmetic abilities.