Objectives (5 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of time: The student should be able to understand the concept of time and how it is measured. This includes the idea of past, present, and future, as well as the division of time into seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years.

2. Identify and use units of time: The student should be able to identify and use different units of time practically. This includes the ability to read and interpret analog and digital clocks, as well as understanding terms like 'today,' 'tomorrow,' 'yesterday,' 'nowadays,' 'weeks,' 'months,' and 'years.'

3. Relate historical events to the passage of time: The student should be able to relate historical events to the passage of time. This includes the ability to understand that events occur in an ordered sequence in time and that history is a way to record and understand these events.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop logical reasoning skills: Through the study of time measurement, students will exercise their logical reasoning skills, learning to sequence events and make predictions based on the passage of time.
• Stimulate curiosity and interest in history: By learning about time measurement and its relationship with history, students will be encouraged to become more curious and interested in learning about the past and how it influences the present.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling contents: The teacher starts the lesson by briefly recalling the concepts of past, present, and future that were explored in previous classes. Students are encouraged to share examples of events that happened in the past, are happening in the present, or may happen in the future.

2. Problem situations: The teacher presents two problem situations involving time measurement:

   • 'If a day only had 10 hours, what would happen to the activities we do in a day, like going to school, playing, and sleeping?'
   • 'If we didn't have clocks and calendars to tell us the time and day, how would we know when to do things?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that time measurement is an important tool that helps us organize our lives and understand the world around us. For example, time helps us decide when to wake up, when to eat, when to play, and when to sleep. Additionally, time helps us understand history, as historical events occur in a specific order in time.

4. Capturing students' attention: To spark students' interest, the teacher may share some curiosities about time measurement:

   • 'Did you know that the ancient Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to divide the day into 24 hours?'
   • 'Did you know that before wristwatches and cell phones, people used sundials to tell time?'

5. Introduction of the topic: The teacher introduces the lesson topic - 'Time Measurement' - and explains that during the lesson, they will learn more about how time is measured, the different units of time, and how historical events are connected to the passage of time.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Activity 1: 'My Day on a Clock' (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Preparation: The teacher hands out to each student a drawing of an analog clock without the numbers drawn, only with the hour and minute hands. Additionally, provides colored pencils or markers for coloring.

2. Step by step:

   • Step 1: The teacher asks students to draw what they usually do in a normal day, from the moment they wake up to the moment they go to sleep. They should divide the clock circle into sections to represent the different activities of the day.

   • Step 2: After drawing the activities, the teacher asks students to mark the times they usually perform these activities. For example, waking up at 7 o'clock, having lunch at 12 o'clock, going to school at 8 o'clock, etc.

   • Step 3: Finally, students should color the different sections of the clock to represent the activities they drew, according to the times they perform them.

3. Discussion: The teacher invites students to share their 'Day Clocks' and explains that each person has their own daily rhythm. This activity demonstrates how time is personal and can vary from person to person.

Activity 2: 'Story on the Calendar' (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Preparation: The teacher hands out to each student a blank one-month calendar, along with colored stickers and colored pencils.

2. Step by step:

   • Step 1: The teacher asks students to choose an important event that happened in their lives, such as a birthday, a trip, a holiday, etc.

   • Step 2: The teacher then instructs students to mark this event on the calendar using colored stickers and drawings.

   • Step 3: After marking the event, students should count how many days are left or how many days have passed since the event to the current date. They can do this by coloring the days on the calendar or writing the numbers of days on a separate sheet.

3. Discussion: The teacher invites students to share their 'Events on the Calendar' and explains that the calendar is a way to record and organize events over time. This activity demonstrates how time measurement can help us understand the sequence of events and plan for the future.

Activity 3: 'Human Clock' (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Preparation: The teacher divides the class into groups of five students. Each group receives a large sheet of paper and markers.

2. Step by step:

   • Step 1: The teacher asks each group to form a 'Human Clock' on the paper. One student should stand in the center, representing the clock's axis, and the other four students should position themselves as the clock hands.

   • Step 2: The teacher then calls out different times, and the students have to move to the correct position, simulating a real clock.

3. Discussion: The teacher questions the class about the importance of knowing how to read the time and how it helps us in our daily lives. This activity aims to reinforce the skill of reading the time on an analog clock.

The activities above are suggestions, and the teacher can choose one or more, depending on the available time and the level of student engagement.

Feedback (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher gathers all students in a circle and proposes a group discussion about the activities carried out. Each group will have the opportunity to share their conclusions and experiences. The teacher can guide the discussion with the following questions:

   • 'What did you learn from the 'My Day on a Clock' activity? How does it relate to time measurement in real life?'
   • 'What did you discover by marking an event on the calendar in the 'Story on the Calendar' activity? How does it help understand the passage of time?'
   • 'In the 'Human Clock' activity, how did you feel trying to be a clock hand? Was it easy or difficult? Why?'

2. Connection to Theory (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher then makes a connection between the practical activities and the theory studied. He/she can reinforce the concepts of past, present, and future, the importance of time measurement, and the relationship between historical events and the passage of time. Additionally, he/she can highlight how the practical activities helped understand these concepts in a more concrete and meaningful way.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher proposes a moment of individual reflection. He asks two simple questions that students should think about for a minute before sharing their answers:

   • 'What was the most interesting thing you learned today about time measurement?'
   • 'How can you apply what you learned today in your daily life?'

4. Sharing Reflections (2 - 3 minutes): After the minute of reflection, the teacher invites some students to share their answers. This allows students to hear each other, reinforcing learning and ending the lesson on a positive and engaging note.

Feedback is a crucial part of the lesson plan, as it allows the teacher to assess students' understanding of the topic and the effectiveness of the activities carried out. Additionally, it helps students consolidate what they have learned, make connections to the real world, and reflect on their own learning process.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher recaps the main points covered during the lesson. He/she reinforces the concepts of past, present, and future, the importance of time measurement, and the relationship between historical events and the passage of time. Additionally, he/she recalls the main units of time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years) and the difference between analog and digital clocks.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher emphasizes how the practical activities carried out during the lesson helped make theoretical concepts more concrete and understandable. He/she highlights how 'My Day on a Clock' allowed students to apply their knowledge of time measurement in a real situation; how 'Story on the Calendar' helped understand the importance of the calendar in organizing events over time; and how 'Human Clock' reinforced the skill of reading the time on an analog clock.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute): The teacher suggests some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the topic. This may include children's books on the history of time, interactive online activities involving time measurement, or even visits to local museums with exhibitions related to history and time measurement.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 minute): In conclusion, the teacher highlights the importance of the lesson's topic for students' daily lives. He/she explains that the ability to measure time and understand the sequence of events is an essential skill for everyday life. Additionally, he/she emphasizes how the study of time and history can help students better understand the world around them and their place in society.

The teacher concludes the lesson by reinforcing that if students have any questions or want to discuss more about the topic, they should feel free to ask in the next class. He/she also reminds students that practice is fundamental for learning, and they should continue exploring and observing time in their daily lives.