Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Familiarize students with the main physical characteristics of plants and animals, encouraging them to observe and describe these organisms.
2. Explore the differences and similarities between plants and animals, helping students understand the diversity of life.
3. Promote critical thinking and problem-solving through practical and playful activities related to the topic.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students about the basic concepts of living beings, asking them what they already know about plants and animals. This review is essential to build the knowledge that will be taught in the lesson.

2. Problem situations: The teacher proposes two problem situations for the students:

   • First situation: The teacher brings a plant and a toy animal and asks the students: 'What differentiates this plant from this animal?'
   • Second situation: The teacher asks the students: 'What do a plant and an animal need to survive?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that understanding the characteristics of plants and animals is important for us because it helps us understand how to better take care of our planet. The teacher can give examples of how knowledge about plants and animals helps in our daily lives, such as in agriculture, animal husbandry, medicine, environmental preservation, etc.

4. Introduction of the topic: The teacher introduces the lesson topic, saying that they will learn more about the physical characteristics of plants and animals. To grab the students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities, such as:

   • Curiosity 1: 'Did you know that plants, just like us, also breathe? They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, which is what we, humans, need to breathe.'
   • Curiosity 2: 'Did you know that some animals, like chameleons, can change color to camouflage and protect themselves from predators?'

This introduction is important to spark students' interest and prepare them for the practical activities that will follow.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Playful activities are important for students' learning as they facilitate the understanding of concepts, stimulate imagination, and collaboration. Here are two activity suggestions for the lesson development:

Activity 1: Game of Living Organisms (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Students are divided into small groups, with 4 to 5 students each.
2. Each group receives a set of cards, some containing images of animals and others of plants.
3. On the back of each card are written characteristics of the organism in the image (for example, for an image of a dog: 'I am a mammal; I have fur; I eat meat and other foods; etc').
4. One student at a time turns over a card and reads the characteristics written on the back.
5. The other group members have to guess if the organism on the card is a plant or an animal, based on the characteristics read.
6. The student who guesses correctly wins the card. The game continues until all cards are with some student.
7. At the end of the game, the student with the most cards is declared the winner.

Activity 2: Habitat Creation (10 - 15 minutes)

1. The class is divided into groups of 4 to 5 students.
2. Each group is given a kit containing various materials such as cardboard, popsicle sticks, clay, paint, colored paper, etc.
3. Each group has the task of creating a 'habitat' using the provided materials.
4. While the students are assembling their habitat, the teacher circulates around the room, guiding and clarifying doubts.
5. After the habitats are ready, each group needs to choose some animals and plants (paper images or drawings) to place in their habitat.
6. The teacher guides the students to consider the physical characteristics of the selected organisms, as well as the conditions each one needs to survive when choosing which plants and animals to place in their habitats.
7. After completing the work, the groups present their habitats to the rest of the class, explaining why they chose certain organisms for that habitat and how the characteristics of these organisms make them suitable to live in that environment.

These are just activity suggestions, and the teacher can choose one of them or adapt them as needed for the class and the availability of materials. Both activities aim to promote observation, critical thinking, and cooperation among students while learning about the topic of the lesson in a practical and fun way.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: After completing the activities, the teacher gathers all students and promotes a group discussion about the solutions or conclusions found by each group. Each group must share their findings, explaining the characteristics they identified in plants and animals, as well as the differences and similarities they observed. The teacher can guide the discussion by asking questions like: 'What characteristics did you identify in animals? And in plants? What were the similarities and differences you noticed?' (5-7 minutes)

2. Connection with Theory: Next, the teacher checks what was learned from the group activities. The teacher asks the students how the activity, exercise, or scenario connects with the theory. For this, the teacher can ask: 'How did today's activity help us better understand the characteristics of plants and animals? How do the characteristics we observed relate to the needs of plants and animals to survive?' The teacher should highlight how practical activities complement theory, reinforcing the importance of observing and understanding the characteristics of living beings in our daily lives. (3-5 minutes)

3. Final Reflection: Finally, the teacher proposes that students reflect for a minute on what they learned in the lesson. The teacher should ask two simple questions to stimulate reflection:

   • Question 1: 'What was the most surprising or interesting thing you learned about plants or animals today?'
   • Question 2: 'How can you use what you learned today to better care for plants and animals at home or at school?'

   These questions are important to consolidate learning, motivate students to apply what they have learned, and arouse their curiosity to continue learning more about the subject. (2-3 minutes)

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary: The teacher, starting the conclusion phase of the lesson, gives a brief summary of the main points covered during the lesson. He reinforces students' understanding of the physical characteristics of plants and animals and the differences and similarities between them. The teacher recaps the discussed concepts and the discoveries made through practical activities, asking questions to ensure that students have understood the content. For example: 'What makes a plant a plant? And an animal, an animal?' This way, he helps to consolidate the acquired knowledge and fix the main concepts in students' minds.

2. Connection with Theory and Practice: The teacher reinforces how today's lesson connected theory with practice, explaining how playful and practical activities helped students better understand the characteristics of plants and animals. He also highlights how direct observation and practical experience are important ways to learn and understand Science, in addition to theory.

3. Suggestion of Additional Materials: The teacher suggests some extra materials for students who want to learn more about the topic. These materials may include books, educational websites, documentaries about the life of plants and animals, etc. For example, the teacher may suggest that students watch an episode of a wildlife TV show or read a children's book about plant life. These suggestions are important to stimulate students' curiosity and encourage them to continue learning outside the classroom.

4. Relevance to Everyday Life: Finally, the teacher explains the importance of what was learned for students' daily lives. He can talk about how knowledge about plants and animals can help in various areas, from taking care of a pet at home to understanding the importance of environmental preservation. For example, the teacher can say: 'Understanding how plants grow and what they need to live can help us take better care of our garden at home. And knowing how animals live and what they need to survive can help us protect wildlife and the environment.' This connection to real life helps give meaning to what was learned and shows students the relevance of what they are studying.

With this conclusion, the teacher ends the lesson, highlighting the importance of what was learned and encouraging students to continue exploring and learning about the wonderful world of plants and animals.