Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the importance of the sun and water for plant growth:

   • Students will learn how sunlight and water are essential for the process of photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants produce their own food.

2. Identify the process of photosynthesis:

   • Students will be introduced to the concept of photosynthesis, the process by which plants transform sunlight and water into food. They will learn how this process is vital for plant survival and for the ecosystem as a whole.

3. Conduct practical experiments to observe the effect of light and water on plant growth:

   • Students will conduct practical experiments demonstrating the effect of light and water on plant growth. They will take care of their own plants, varying the amount of light and water each plant receives, and observe the resulting growth differences.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review necessary content:

   • The teacher will start the lesson by asking students what they already know about plants and what is needed for their growth. Students will share their answers, and the teacher will highlight light and water as essential elements for plant growth.

2. Problem situations to initiate theory development:

   • The teacher will present two situations to the students:
     • First situation: 'Imagine you have a plant at home and it is wilting, even though it receives water every day. What could be happening?'
     • Second situation: 'You have received two plants. One of them you place in a windowless room and the other on the balcony, where it gets sunlight. Both receive the same amount of water. What do you think will happen to these plants?'

3. Contextualization of the subject's importance:

   • The teacher will explain that understanding how plants feed is essential to taking good care of them, whether in a garden or in a houseplant. In addition, by understanding how plants use light and water to produce their food, students will also be learning about the cycle of life on Earth, as all living beings depend directly or indirectly on plants to survive.

4. Engaging students' attention:

   • The teacher will share two curiosities to spark students' interest:
     • First curiosity: 'Did you know that plants are like small factories? They can turn water, light, and air into food! This is called photosynthesis.'
     • Second curiosity: 'There is a type of plant called a carnivorous plant that, in addition to photosynthesis, also feeds on insects. It needs to do this because it lives in places where the soil lacks sufficient nutrients.'

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 'Planting and Observing':

   • The teacher will bring plant pots and seeds to the classroom. They will divide the class into groups and give each group a pot, some seeds, and a plant care guide (water quantity, light exposure, etc.). Each group will be responsible for planting their seeds, watering them, and placing the pot in a chosen spot in the classroom. Additionally, each group will have to choose one student per day to take care of the plant. As there are different groups, the plants will be in various environments with varying amounts of light.
     • Step by step:
       • The teacher will divide the class into groups;
       • Each group will receive a pot, seeds, and a plant care guide;
       • Students will put soil in the pot, plant the seeds, and water according to the instructions;
       • Each group will place their pot in a chosen location in the classroom;
       • Students will choose who will be responsible for watering the plant in their group each day.

2. Activity 'Photosynthesis War':

   • The teacher will prepare a game board where the blocks represent plants. Each group of students will receive 'resources' (water and sunlight markers). The goal of the game is for each group to collect resources for their plants to carry out photosynthesis. At the beginning of each round, the teacher will ask a question related to the lesson, and the group that answers correctly can collect their resources. The group that manages to carry out photosynthesis in the highest number of plants at the end of the game will be the winner.
     • Step by step:
       • The teacher will divide the class into groups;
       • Each group will receive a game board and water and sunlight markers;
       • The teacher will ask a question, and the group that answers correctly can collect their resources;
       • Students will place their resources on the board to carry out photosynthesis in the plants;
       • The game continues until all resources have been collected. The group that has carried out photosynthesis in the highest number of plants is declared the winner.

3. Activity 'Photosynthesis Dance':

   • This is a more playful activity and is ideal for days when students' energy is high. The teacher will explain to the students that they will represent the process of photosynthesis through a dance. That is, some students will be the plants, others will be the water, others will be the sun, others will be the carbon dioxide, and others will be the oxygen. They should imagine how these elements move and interact during photosynthesis, and then create a dance that represents this process.
     • Step by step:
       • The teacher will divide the class into groups;
       • Each student in a group will represent a different element of the photosynthesis process;
       • Students will imagine how their elements move during photosynthesis and then create a dance representing this process;
       • After creation, each group will present their photosynthesis dance to the class.

Note: These are practical activity suggestions to help understand the concept of photosynthesis. The teacher is free to choose one or alternate between them as needed and according to the class's interest.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group discussion:

   • The teacher will gather all students and facilitate a group discussion, where each team will share their observations and the solutions or conclusions found. This will allow students to learn from each other and broaden their perspectives.
   • They will ask: 'What did you notice about the plants that received more light? And about the plants that received more water? And about the plants that received less light or water?'.

2. Connection with theory:

   • After the discussions, the teacher will connect the students' observations and conclusions with the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. They may ask: 'How do your observations relate to what we learned about photosynthesis and the importance of light and water for plants?'.
   • They will explain that, as observed by the students, plants that receive sufficient light and water grow healthily because they can carry out photosynthesis, the process that allows them to produce their own food.

3. Individual reflection:

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher will ask each student to reflect for a minute on what they learned in the lesson. This reflection can be guided by two simple questions:
     • First question: 'What surprised you the most in today's lesson?'.
     • Second question: 'How could you apply what you learned today to take care of a plant at home?'.
   • The teacher may ask some students to share their reflections with the class.

4. Learning assessment:

   • Encouraging students to share their reflections will help the teacher assess their learning and the effectiveness of the practical activities in understanding the content. This will also allow the teacher to make adjustments in future lessons if necessary.

5. Lesson closure:

   • In conclusion, the teacher can reinforce to the students that every time they take care of a plant, they are observing photosynthesis in action. They can encourage students to observe the plants at home or at school and notice how light and water affect their growth.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summarize and recap the main topics presented on the lesson's topic:

   • The teacher will review the main points covered during the lesson, emphasizing the importance of sunlight and water for plant development. They will recap the process of photosynthesis and how it allows plants to produce their own food.

2. Explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications:

   • The teacher will explain how the theoretical part of the lesson was applied in practical activities, allowing students to observe the process of photosynthesis in action. They will also highlight how the observations made during the activities relate to the theory presented.

3. Suggest additional materials to complement students' understanding of the lesson's topic:

   • The teacher will suggest some additional resources for students to explore at home. This may include children's books about plants, educational videos online about photosynthesis, and educational websites with interactive activities on plant growth.

4. Briefly describe the importance of the subject presented for daily life, considering its applications:

   • To reinforce the importance of what was learned, the teacher will explain how knowledge about photosynthesis and plant growth is useful in everyday life. For example, it can help students take better care of plants at home or at school, understand the importance of sunlight and water for life on Earth, and appreciate the beauty and complexity of nature.

5. Propose a challenge for home:

   • To encourage continued learning, the teacher can propose a challenge for home: each student must take care of a plant (it can be an existing plant at home or a seed they plant) and keep a small diary observing the plant's growth and how it responds to different amounts of light and water. In the next lesson, students can share their observations and findings.

6. Lesson closure:

   • The teacher will conclude the lesson by reiterating the importance of sunlight and water for plant life and, by extension, for all living beings. They will remind students that every time they see a plant growing and blooming, they are witnessing photosynthesis in action. Finally, they will thank the students for their active and enthusiastic participation in the lesson.