Lesson Plan | Technical Methodology | Addition and Subtraction Problems

Objectives

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this phase is to prepare students to face real problems involving basic mathematical operations, with a special focus on practical application. By developing these skills, students will be better prepared for day-to-day tasks and labor market demands that require mathematical competencies. This phase is crucial for establishing the fundamental understanding necessary to solve addition and subtraction problems, promoting meaningful and lasting learning.

Main Objectives

1. Teach students to solve addition and subtraction problems with natural numbers.

2. Develop the ability to interpret and solve everyday problems involving basic mathematical operations.

Side Objectives

1. Encourage logical reasoning and the ability to make decisions based on quantitative data.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The purpose of this phase is to prepare students to face real problems involving basic mathematical operations, with a special focus on practical application. By developing these skills, students will be better prepared for day-to-day tasks and labor market demands that require mathematical competencies. This phase is crucial for establishing the fundamental understanding necessary to solve addition and subtraction problems, promoting meaningful and lasting learning.

Contextualization

Addition and subtraction are fundamental mathematical operations that we use every day, often without even noticing. Imagine you are at the supermarket with your mom and she asks you to help add up the total of the purchases or calculate how much change you will receive. These everyday situations show the importance of being able to perform these operations quickly and accurately.

Curiosities and Market Connection

Did you know that addition and subtraction are essential skills for many professionals? For example, accountants need these operations to close financial balances and ensure everything is correct. Similarly, engineers use them to calculate necessary materials for a construction project. Even in creative professions, like being a chef, it is important to know how to add and subtract ingredients to create perfect recipes.

Initial Activity

To start the class, pose a thought-provoking question: 'If you had 10 candies and gave 3 to your friend, how many candies would you have left?'. Then, show a short 2-minute video demonstrating how these operations are used in daily life, such as in a bakery or at a soccer game, where points are added.

Development

Duration: 60 - 70 minutes

The purpose of this phase is to provide students with a practical and interactive experience that helps them apply the concepts of addition and subtraction in real situations. In addition, this phase aims to consolidate learning through practical activities, reflection on the topic, and problem-solving, preparing them to face similar challenges in daily life and in future job markets.

Covered Topics

1. Solving addition problems.
2. Solving subtraction problems.
3. Interpreting everyday problems involving addition and subtraction.
4. Practical application of mathematical operations in real situations.

Reflections on the Theme

Guide students to reflect on how addition and subtraction are used in daily life. Ask: 'Have you noticed how many times we use addition and subtraction without even realizing it, such as when counting money, dividing candies among friends, or calculating how much time is left until an event?' Encourage them to share their own experiences and to think of other situations where these operations are important.

Mini Challenge

Market Challenge

In this activity, students will be divided into groups and will simulate a trip to the market. Each group will receive a shopping list and a fictional budget. They will need to add the prices of the items, subtract from the total budget, and ensure they do not exceed the available amount.

Instructions

1. Divide the class into groups of 4-5 students.
2. Distribute a shopping list and a fictional budget to each group.
3. Provide supermarket catalogs or fictional price lists for students to find the prices of the items.
4. Encourage students to add the prices of the items they want to buy.
5. Ask them to subtract the total of their purchases from the available budget.
6. Groups should adjust their purchases to not exceed the budget, discussing which items are essential and which can be left out.
7. At the end, each group will present their choices and explain how they made those decisions.

Objective: Develop the ability to solve real problems involving addition and subtraction, while also encouraging teamwork and decision-making.

Duration: 40 - 45 minutes

Evaluation Exercises

1. Pedro had 15 apples and gave 7 to his friend Maria. How many apples does Pedro have now?
2. João had 30 reais. He bought a magazine for 12 reais and a snack for 8 reais. How much money is left?
3. Ana bought 3 notebooks that cost 5 reais each and a pen that cost 2 reais. What was the total amount spent by Ana?
4. Carlos had 50 stickers. He traded 15 stickers with his friend. How many stickers does Carlos have now?
5. At a party, there were 20 balloons. 8 balloons popped. How many balloons were left at the party?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this phase is to consolidate the knowledge acquired throughout the lesson, providing a moment for reflection and discussion so that students understand the importance of addition and subtraction operations in their daily lives and future careers. This closure aims to reinforce the practical relevance of the content learned.

Discussion

Facilitate an open discussion with students about how addition and subtraction were applied during the lesson. Ask them how they felt solving real problems and working in teams during the 'Market Challenge'. Encourage them to share their experiences and challenges faced. Question how these skills can be useful in their daily lives and future professions.

Summary

Recap the main content covered in the lesson, highlighting the importance of understanding and practicing addition and subtraction. Remind students that these operations are fundamental not only in school situations but also in various everyday and professional activities. Reinforce how practical activities helped to consolidate these concepts.

Closing

Explain how the lesson connected theory to practice through interactive activities and real challenges, showing the applicability of mathematical operations in everyday life. Conclude by highlighting the importance of continuing to practice these skills to become increasingly proficient and prepared for the future.