Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Main Objective: To help students understand the concept of addition and subtraction in a practical and visual way, applying these mathematical operations to find missing values in simple problems.

2. Secondary Objective: To develop students' ability to identify and solve problem situations involving addition and subtraction, reinforcing learning with fun and interactive activities.

3. Secondary Objective: To promote teamwork and communication among students, encouraging the exchange of ideas and collective problem-solving.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Reviewing Content: The teacher starts the lesson by reviewing the basic concepts of addition and subtraction, using simple and everyday examples. For example, the teacher may ask the students: "If you have 5 apples and receive 3 more, how many apples will you have in total?" and "If you have 7 balloons and give 2 to your friend, how many balloons will you have left?".

2. Problem Situation 1: The teacher proposes the situation: "You are playing hide and seek and counted up to 10. If you later find 3 more friends hiding, how many people are there in total?".

3. Problem Situation 2: The teacher presents a new situation: "You have 11 colored pencils and need to give 5 to the teacher. How many pencils will you have left?".

4. Contextualizing the Importance of the Subject: The teacher explains that addition and subtraction are fundamental operations in mathematics and are used in many everyday situations, such as counting objects, money, among others.

5. Introduction to the Topic: The teacher introduces the lesson topic, explaining that they will learn to find missing values in addition and subtraction problems. For this, the teacher proposes two new situations: "If I have 7 candies and give some to you, I will have 2 candies left. How many candies did I give you?" and "I had 10 dollars and spent 3. How much money do I have now?".

6. Curiosity 1: The teacher can share the curiosity that mathematics is used in many games, including video games, where characters need to collect items or solve puzzles, involving addition and subtraction.

7. Curiosity 2: Another curiosity that can be shared is that mathematics is even used in music, where rhythms and notes are counted, which also involves addition and subtraction.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity "The Lost Treasure": 1.1. The teacher divides the class into groups of 4 to 5 students and explains that each group will receive a mission: to find the lost treasure. 1.2. The "treasure" consists of a series of problems involving addition and subtraction, where the missing value is the "treasure" that needs to be discovered. 1.3. The teacher hands out activity sheets to each group, containing problems like "I had 8 balloons and gave some to my friends. Now I have 3. How many balloons did I give to my friends?" or "I had 12 balls and lost some. Now I have 5. How many balls did I lose?". 1.4. The group that manages to solve all the problems first, discovering all the "treasures", wins the activity.

2. Activity "The Magic Pencil Game": 2.1. The teacher distributes a pencil to each student and asks them to hold it with their left hand. 2.2. The teacher then asks a question involving addition or subtraction and gives two answer options. For example, "I have 5 pencils and receive 3. How many pencils will I have? Will it be 8 or 9?". 2.3. The students who think the answer is 8 raise the pencil and keep it in their left hand. Those who think the answer is 9 raise the pencil and place it in their right hand. 2.4. The teacher reveals the correct answer and the students who guessed correctly remain in the game, while those who guessed wrong sit down. The game continues until only one student remains, who is declared the winner and receives a small symbolic prize.

3. Activity "The Balloon Party": 3.1. The teacher inflates colorful balloons and writes different numbers from 0 to 9 on each one. 3.2. The balloons are spread on the classroom floor. The teacher then reads addition and subtraction problems to the class, such as "I had 6 candies and received 2. How many candies do I have now?" or "I had 10 stickers and lost 3. How many stickers do I have now?". 3.3. The students must find the balloons with the correct numbers that correspond to the answers to the problems and bring them to the teacher. 3.4. The activity continues until all problems are solved.

The teacher can choose one or two of these activities, depending on the available time and student engagement. Additionally, it is important to emphasize that all proposed activities should be supervised by the teacher to ensure a safe and orderly environment for the students.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: 1.1. The teacher gathers all students in a large circle and initiates a collective discussion about the solutions found during the activities. 1.2. Each group is invited to share one or two solutions they found, explaining step by step how they arrived at the answer. 1.3. The teacher takes this opportunity to clarify any doubts that may arise and reinforce the concepts learned.

2. Connection to Theory: 2.1. The teacher invites students to reflect on how the practical activities connect with the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. 2.2. The teacher may ask, for example, "How did you use addition and subtraction to solve the problems in 'The Lost Treasure'?" or "What is the relationship between the problems we solved with the balloons and addition and subtraction?". 2.3. Students are encouraged to make these connections, reinforcing their understanding of the concepts learned.

3. Final Reflection: 3.1. To conclude the lesson, the teacher suggests that students reflect on what they have learned. 3.2. The teacher can ask two simple questions, such as "What was the most challenging problem you solved today? Why?" and "What do you think you learned today that you can use in real-life situations?". 3.3. Students are encouraged to think about the learning process and the practical application of mathematical concepts.

4. Recording Learnings: 4.1. The teacher may ask students to write down in their notebooks the solutions to the problems discussed in the group, as well as the final reflections. 4.2. These notes will serve as a record of the learnings and can be used by students as study material to review the content later.

Feedback is a crucial part of the lesson, as it allows the teacher to assess whether the learning objectives have been achieved and identify any possible gaps in understanding that need to be addressed in future lessons. Additionally, feedback also provides students with the opportunity to consolidate what they have learned and reflect on the learning process.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents: 1.1. The teacher starts the conclusion by summarizing the main concepts covered in the lesson, such as addition, subtraction, and the idea of finding missing values in mathematical problems. 1.2. He reinforces the idea that mathematics is a useful tool for solving everyday problems, such as counting objects, sharing items, and making simple transactions.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice: 2.1. The teacher explains how the practical activities carried out in the classroom helped solidify the understanding of theoretical concepts. 2.2. He emphasizes that learning mathematics should be a combination of theory and practice, and that fun activities are an effective way to apply what has been learned.

3. Extra Materials: 3.1. The teacher suggests some extra materials for students to deepen their knowledge on the subject. 3.2. He may recommend illustrated math books, board games involving addition and subtraction, or educational websites with interactive activities.

4. Applications in Daily Life: 4.1. Finally, the teacher highlights how the concepts of addition and subtraction are applied in everyday situations. 4.2. He can mention simple examples, such as counting money, sharing toys, measuring time, among others.

5. Importance of the Subject: 5.1. The teacher concludes the lesson by emphasizing the importance of mathematics in daily life, explaining that the ability to solve mathematical problems is a valuable skill that can be applied in many situations. 5.2. He reinforces that mathematics does not need to be difficult or intimidating, and that with practice and patience, all students can become good mathematicians.

The conclusion is an important moment to consolidate the learning of the lesson and to motivate students to continue exploring the world of mathematics. By connecting theory with practice and everyday life, the teacher helps students see the relevance and applicability of mathematical concepts, which can increase motivation and interest in the subject.