Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Main Objective: Introduce the concept of pollution and its different types. Students should be able to recognize what pollution is and identify the main types of pollutants present in different environments (air, water, soil).
2. Secondary Objective: Develop students' environmental awareness and encourage them to reflect on the importance of preserving the environment. This will be done through classroom discussions about the impacts of pollution and possible solutions to the problem.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling previous content: The teacher starts the lesson by recalling basic geography concepts with the students, such as the importance of air, water, and soil for life on the planet. Simple questions can be asked to assess students' prior knowledge, such as: "Why do we need air to live?" or "What would happen if all the planet's water was polluted?".

2. Problem situations: Next, the teacher presents two problem situations that will arouse students' curiosity and prepare them for the lesson topic.

   • First situation: The teacher shows two images, one of a clean river and another of an extremely polluted river, and asks: "What do you think happened to this river to make it look like this?".
   • Second situation: The teacher asks: "Have you heard about the trash we throw on the street that ends up in the sea? Do you know what can happen to the animals and plants living in the sea if this happens?".

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that pollution is a very serious problem that affects our planet and that we need to learn more about it to be able to help combat it. Examples of pollution that students may be familiar with, such as car exhaust fumes, litter thrown on the ground, among others, can be mentioned.

4. Capturing students' attention: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share two curiosities related to the topic:

   • Curiosity 1: "Did you know that air pollution can cause diseases like asthma and bronchitis? And that water pollution can kill fish and other animals living in rivers and seas?".
   • Curiosity 2: "Have you heard about the hole in the ozone layer? It is an example of how pollution can have serious consequences for our planet and our health.".

This playful and interactive introduction will set the stage for understanding the types of pollution and their consequences. Additionally, it will engage students and stimulate learning by arousing their curiosity and interest in the subject.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theoretical Explanation: Types of Pollution (10 - 15 minutes)

   • The teacher should start by explaining in a clear and simple way what pollution is: the presence of substances or elements that harm the quality of air, water, and soil, and consequently, the life of living beings.
   • Next, the teacher will detail each type of pollution, explaining what it is and what are the main pollutants related to each one:
     • Air pollution: The teacher can talk about common pollutants such as vehicle exhaust fumes, industrial smoke, and wildfires. It is even possible to demonstrate how car exhaust fumes pollute the air by using a tissue or white paper near a vehicle's exhaust pipe.
     • Water pollution: The teacher can mention water contamination by sewage, chemicals, and litter. It is also possible to provide a practical example, such as showing an image of a river polluted by sewage or toxic materials.
     • Soil pollution: Here, the teacher can talk about soil contamination by litter, pesticides, and chemicals. It can even show how some chemicals, like oil, can contaminate the soil and water when spilled.
   • It is important for the teacher to illustrate each type of pollution with examples from students' daily lives, making the content more relevant and easy to understand. For this, images, videos, and practical demonstrations can be used whenever possible.

2. Practical Activity: "Pollution and Consequences" (10 - 15 minutes)

   • The teacher divides the class into small groups and gives each group a copy of a simple drawing of a natural environment (such as a river, a forest, or a field).
   • The group's task will be as follows: they must draw and color elements representing different types of pollution and their corresponding pollutants in their drawings.
   • During the activity, the teacher will circulate around the room, assisting groups that need help, clarifying doubts, and encouraging discussion among students.
   • At the end, each group will present their drawing to the class, explaining what each element represents and what the consequences of that pollution in that environment would be.
   • This playful and participatory activity will allow students to apply the knowledge acquired in a practical way, stimulating creativity and teamwork. Additionally, it will reinforce the understanding of the different types of pollution and their consequences.

3. Classroom Discussion (5 minutes)

   • After the presentations, the teacher will lead a discussion in the classroom, reinforcing the concepts covered and clarifying any doubts that may have arisen.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should emphasize the importance of preserving the environment and how each of us can contribute to preventing pollution.
   • The teacher can also suggest that students share actions they already perform or can perform to help combat pollution. For example, recycling waste, saving water and energy, avoiding unnecessary chemical products, among others.

By the end of the development, students will have a basic and practical understanding of the different types of pollution and their pollutants. Additionally, they will have reflected on the consequences of pollution and the importance of preserving the environment.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher will gather all students in a large circle for a final discussion. Each group will have the opportunity to share what they learned during the practical activity, briefly presenting their drawing and conclusions.
   • During each group's presentation, other students will be encouraged to ask questions and express their opinions. The teacher should ensure that all students have the chance to speak and that mutual respect is maintained during the discussion.
   • The goal of this group discussion is to allow students to learn from each other, reinforcing the concepts learned and stimulating the exchange of ideas and experiences. Additionally, it provides the teacher with an opportunity to assess students' understanding of the topic.

2. Connection to Theory: (3 - 5 minutes)

   • After the presentations, the teacher will revisit the theoretical concepts discussed at the beginning of the lesson, making a connection between theory and the practical conclusions reached by the students.
   • For example, the teacher can ask students how they applied the concepts of pollution and pollutants in their drawings and discuss the similarities and differences between the drawings of different groups.
   • This return step is important to consolidate students' learning, ensuring that they not only understand the theoretical concepts but also know how to apply them in practice.

3. Final Reflection: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher suggests that students reflect for a minute on what they have learned. He can ask two simple questions to guide students' reflection:
     • Question 1: "What do you think you can do to help prevent pollution?".
     • Question 2: "Why is it important to preserve the environment and prevent pollution?".
   • After the minute of reflection, the teacher can invite some students to share their answers with the class, promoting a moment of mutual learning and inspiration.

This final return will allow students to consolidate what they have learned, reflect on the importance of the subject, and feel valued for their contributions. Additionally, it provides the teacher with valuable feedback on the effectiveness of the lesson and points that may need further reinforcement in future classes.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher recaps the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing what pollution is and its different types: air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution.
   • He recalls the most common pollutants associated with each type of pollution and the consequences each can bring to the environment and human health.
   • The teacher emphasizes the importance of preserving the environment and preventing pollution, highlighting how each individual can contribute to this cause.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications: (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher explains how the lesson connected theory to practice, recalling the activity in which students drew different types of pollution and their corresponding pollutants.
   • He highlights how the activity allowed students to apply theoretical knowledge in a practical way, stimulated creativity, teamwork, and reflection on the importance of environmental preservation.

3. Extra Materials: (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher suggests extra materials to deepen students' knowledge on the subject. This may include books, websites, educational videos, interactive games, among others.
   • Example of a book: "Filipe's Clean Planet" by Christiane Gribel - A children's book that addresses the issue of pollution and the importance of caring for the environment in a playful and didactic way.
   • Example of a video: "The Story of Garbage" - An animated video that shows the origin of waste and how lack of care with garbage can cause pollution and harm to the environment.

4. Importance of the Subject: (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher reinforces the importance of the subject, explaining that understanding the different types of pollution and their consequences is the first step to combating this problem that affects our planet.
   • He emphasizes that every action, not matter how small, can make a difference and that by learning about pollution, students are becoming more conscious and responsible citizens.

This concluding moment allows students to consolidate what they have learned, understand the relevance of the topic, and feel motivated to continue learning about it. Additionally, it provides the teacher with the opportunity to assess the effectiveness of the lesson and make adjustments to enhance learning in future classes.