Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand what healthy eating is and how it contributes to the growth, development, and well-being of the human body.
2. Recognize and identify the difference between healthy and unhealthy foods, using practical and illustrative examples.
3. Raise awareness among students about the importance of maintaining a balanced diet, avoiding eating disorders such as obesity and malnutrition.

The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing basic concepts about the human body and its nutritional needs. Then, introduce the lesson's topic, establishing the importance of healthy eating and the prevention of eating disorders. The teacher can use visual resources, such as illustrations and videos, to make the introduction more interesting and engaging for the students.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling Previous Content: The teacher begins the lesson by reminding students of what they have learned in previous classes about the human body and its needs. For example, they can ask what the five senses are and how each of them helps us to know and interact with the world around us. This review is important to situate the students and prepare them for the new content.

2. Problem Situations: The teacher proposes two problem situations to arouse students' interest and engage them in the subject of the lesson:

   • First, the teacher can ask: 'Have you noticed that some people eat a lot of sweets and fried foods and don't get sick, while others who eat the same things get sick? Why does this happen?' This situation stimulates students to reflect on the difference between healthy and unhealthy eating.
   • Next, the teacher can present the second situation: 'What if a person only ate vegetables all day, what could happen to them? And if they only ate sweets and sodas?' These questions prompt students to think about the effects of an unbalanced diet.

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that, just like other things we do to take care of our bodies, such as brushing our teeth and taking a shower, nutrition is also very important for our health. They can mention examples of athletes who need a special diet to have energy and strength to practice sports, and of people who get sick or lack energy when they don't eat well.

4. Capturing Students' Attention: To further pique students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about nutrition and eating disorders. For example:

   • 'Did you know that the most consumed food in the world is rice? And the second is wheat, which is used to make bread, pasta, and cake.'
   • 'And have you heard of a disease called anorexia? It causes a person to lose a lot of weight and become very thin because they think they are always fat, even when they are not. It is a very serious illness that requires treatment.'

The teacher can use visual materials, such as images of healthy and unhealthy foods, and of people with different body types, to illustrate the concepts and facilitate students' understanding. Additionally, they can use educational videos and interactive games if they have access to these resources.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Healthy and Unhealthy Eating (10 - 12 minutes)

   1.1. The teacher should start this part of the content by explaining to students what a healthy diet is. They should mention that a healthy diet is one that contains a variety of foods, such as fruits, vegetables, proteins (meat, fish, eggs), carbohydrates (rice, pasta, potatoes), and fats (olive oil, butter, oil), all in appropriate quantities for their size and age.

   1.2. Next, the teacher should explain what an unhealthy diet is. They should mention that an unhealthy diet is one that contains a lot of one type of food and little of others, such as eating lots of sweets and few fruits and vegetables.

   1.3. The teacher should provide practical examples of healthy and unhealthy foods, showing images or bringing samples to the classroom. They should explain to students that not always the foods they like to eat are the healthiest.

2. The Effects of Nutrition on Our Body (5 - 7 minutes)

   2.1. The teacher should, in a simplified way, explain to students how different types of foods are important for our bodies. For example, proteins help build our muscles and produce energy, while vitamins and minerals, found mainly in fruits and vegetables, are important to keep our bodies healthy.

   2.2. They should also explain that an unbalanced diet, with many unhealthy foods and few healthy foods, can cause health problems, such as obesity (when a person is very overweight) and malnutrition (when a person does not receive all the necessary nutrients).

3. Eating Disorders (5 - 6 minutes)

   3.1. The teacher should explain in a simple way what eating disorders are, such as anorexia and bulimia. They should make it clear that these are serious illnesses and that people who suffer from them need medical help.

   3.2. They should also emphasize that the best way to avoid eating disorders is to maintain a balanced diet that includes all types of foods, and not to deprive oneself of eating or overeat.

At the end of this stage, the teacher should reinforce the content presented by asking questions to check students' understanding. For example: 'Who can give me an example of a healthy food that you like to eat?' or 'Why is it important to eat a variety of foods?'. The teacher should encourage students to participate actively, sharing their ideas and experiences.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 6 minutes)

   1.1. The teacher should start a group discussion, encouraging students to share what they have learned and what they found most interesting in the lesson. They can ask, for example: 'What was the part of the lesson on nutrition and eating disorders that you liked the most?' or 'What was the most surprising thing you learned today about nutrition?'.

   1.2. The teacher should take this opportunity to clarify any doubts students may have and reinforce the most important concepts.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 4 minutes)

   2.1. The teacher should then ask students to think about how what they learned in the lesson relates to their daily lives. They can ask, for example: 'How can you use what you learned today to make healthier food choices?' or 'Do you know anyone who may be suffering from an eating disorder? What can you do to help that person?'.

   2.2. They should also ask students to think about real situations where healthy eating and eating disorders may apply. For example, they can ask: 'Have you ever seen a food advertisement that made you want to eat that all the time? How do you deal with that?' or 'Have you ever heard someone speaking badly about their own body? How can you help that person?'.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   3.1. Finally, the teacher should suggest that students reflect on what they learned in the lesson. They can ask two simple questions to assist in this reflection: - 'What is the most important thing you learned today about nutrition and eating disorders?'. - 'What will you do from now on to maintain a healthy diet and help prevent eating disorders?'.

   3.2. The teacher should encourage students to think seriously about these questions and to share their answers if they feel comfortable. They should also reinforce that the most important thing is for each person to do their best to take care of themselves and others, promoting a culture of respect and care for the body and health.

This return is a valuable opportunity for the teacher to assess students' understanding of the lesson content and for students to consolidate what they have learned. Additionally, it helps establish the importance and relevance of the subject, strengthening students' motivation and engagement.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   1.1. The teacher should start the conclusion by summarizing the main points covered in the lesson. They should remind students of the importance of healthy eating and how it contributes to the growth, development, and well-being of the human body.

   1.2. They should also reinforce the difference between healthy and unhealthy foods and the effects that an unbalanced diet can have on health, such as obesity and malnutrition.

   1.3. Additionally, the teacher should remind students about the existence of eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia, and the importance of seeking medical help if they know someone who is experiencing these problems.

2. Connection with Practice (1 - 2 minutes)

   2.1. Next, the teacher should explain how the content presented in the lesson connects with students' daily life situations. They can mention, for example, that the choice of foods we eat for snacks or lunch can have a long-term impact on our health.

   2.2. They should also reinforce that, just as we take care of our teeth by brushing them every day, it is important to take care of our bodies by eating healthily.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute)

   3.1. The teacher can suggest some extra materials for students who want to deepen their knowledge on the subject. They can recommend, for example, children's books on healthy eating, educational websites with games and interactive activities, and YouTube videos from reliable channels that discuss the topic.

   3.2. They should remind students that if they have any questions, they can always ask the teacher or their parents, who will always be available to help them.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes)

   4.1. Finally, the teacher should end the lesson by emphasizing the importance of the subject. They can mention, for example, that a healthy diet not only helps maintain a strong and healthy body but can also improve mood, concentration, and sleep.

   4.2. They should reinforce that the prevention of eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia, is a very serious matter and that everyone should be attentive to the signs and seek help if necessary.

The conclusion is a crucial moment to consolidate learning and motivate students to continue exploring the topic. The teacher should ensure that all students have understood the concepts presented and feel encouraged to apply them in their daily lives.