Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understanding Biodiversity: The teacher should empower students to understand the concept of biodiversity, its characteristics, and its importance for sustaining life on Earth.

2. Identification of Biodiversity Characteristics: Students should be able to identify and describe the main characteristics of biodiversity, such as the variety of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

3. Awareness of Biodiversity Preservation: The teacher should emphasize the importance of biodiversity for human life and the need for its preservation. Students should be encouraged to reflect on how their daily actions can impact biodiversity and the importance of adopting sustainable practices.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulating Critical Thinking: The teacher should encourage students to think critically about biodiversity and its relationship with the environment, promoting discussions and reflections.

• Development of Research Skills: Students should be encouraged to seek information about biodiversity, both in the classroom and outside of it, using different sources of research.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Reviewing Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the concepts of ecosystem, ecological niche, and interactions between living beings, which were studied in previous classes. These concepts are fundamental for understanding biodiversity. The teacher can do this through a quick oral review or an activity associating terms.

2. Problem Situations: The teacher should propose two problem situations to stimulate students' thinking:

   • Situation 1: "Imagine you are a scientist who has just discovered a new plant species in the Amazon. What does this mean in terms of biodiversity? How can this discovery contribute to science and environmental preservation?"
   • Situation 2: "The destruction of a natural habitat, such as a forest, can lead to the extinction of several species that inhabited it. How do you think this affects the planet's biodiversity? And what would be the consequences for life on Earth, including human life?"

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of biodiversity for life on Earth, including human life. Examples can be cited, such as the importance of plants in oxygen production, pollination for food production, natural origin medicines, among others.

4. Introducing the Topic: The teacher should introduce the lesson topic, "Biodiversity: Characteristics," explaining that they will address the main characteristics of biodiversity and how they manifest in nature. Curiosities or examples can be used to arouse students' interest:

   • Curiosity 1: "Did you know that the Amazon, the world's largest tropical forest, houses about 60% of all existing species on Earth? This is an example of the enormous biodiversity we have on our planet."
   • Curiosity 2: "Have you heard of the Galapagos Islands? It is famous for hosting several species of animals and plants that do not exist anywhere else in the world. It was by studying these species that Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection."

5. Lesson Objectives: Finally, the teacher should present the lesson objectives, explaining that students will learn to identify and describe the main characteristics of biodiversity and reflect on the importance of its preservation.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory - Biodiversity Definition (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should start by explaining that biodiversity is the variety of life on the planet, including the diversity of genes, species, and ecosystems.
   • It should be emphasized that biodiversity is the result of an evolutionary process that has occurred over millions of years and that each species plays a unique and important role in the ecosystems where it lives.
   • To facilitate understanding, the teacher can use the example of a puzzle, where each piece represents a different species. If one or more pieces disappear, the puzzle becomes incomplete and loses its function.

2. Theory - Biodiversity Characteristics (7 - 10 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain that biodiversity presents three main characteristics: variety of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity.

   • For each of these characteristics, the teacher should give examples and explain their importance:

     • Variety of Species: The teacher can explain that there are millions of different species on Earth, from the smallest bacteria to the largest whales. Each of these species plays a fundamental role in ecosystems, contributing to maintaining balance. Examples of endangered species can be cited, and the consequences of their loss discussed.
     • Genetic Diversity: The teacher should explain that genetic diversity is the variety of genes within a species. The greater the genetic diversity, the greater a species' ability to adapt to environmental changes. The example of corn's genetic diversity can be used to illustrate how it allows the development of varieties resistant to pests and diseases.
     • Ecosystem Diversity: The teacher should explain that an ecosystem is a complex system formed by living beings (plants, animals, microorganisms) and the environment where they live (air, water, soil). Ecosystem diversity allows for a greater variety of species to exist. The example of coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, can be used to show how they harbor a huge variety of species.

3. Practical Activity - Biodiversity Poster (8 - 10 minutes)

   • Students, divided into groups, should create a poster illustrating the characteristics of biodiversity. Each group should choose one of the characteristics and present it on the poster in a creative and informative way.
   • The teacher should provide students with materials such as paper, colored pencils, pens, magazines, etc., so they can create their posters. The teacher should move around the room, assisting the groups and clarifying doubts.
   • In the end, each group should present their poster to the class, explaining their biodiversity characteristic and its importance for life on Earth.

4. Discussion and Reflection (5 - 8 minutes)

   • After the presentations, the teacher should promote a discussion in the classroom, allowing students to share their ideas, doubts, and reflections on biodiversity and its preservation.
   • The teacher can ask questions like: "Which of the biodiversity characteristics do you consider most important? Why?" or "How can our daily actions affect biodiversity?" The idea is to promote students' reflection and encourage them to think critically about the topic.

5. Topic Conclusion (2 - 3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson's Development, the teacher should briefly review the main points covered, reinforcing the importance of biodiversity and its preservation for life on Earth. The teacher can also make a link to the next topic to be studied, if applicable.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Concept Review (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should review the key concepts of the lesson, emphasizing the definition of biodiversity and its characteristics (variety of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity). It is important for students to understand that biodiversity is the result of millions of years of evolution and that each species plays a unique and fundamental role in ecosystems. The teacher can use the biodiversity poster created by students during the lesson to reinforce these concepts.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should show students how the lesson connected theory with practice. For example, when discussing the importance of species variety, the teacher can recall the problem situation proposed at the beginning of the lesson about the discovery of a new species in the Amazon. When talking about genetic diversity, the teacher can link it to the practical activity of the poster, where students could illustrate how genetic diversity contributes to species adaptation. When addressing ecosystem diversity, the teacher can revisit the discussion on the importance of preserving natural habitats.

3. Learning Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should propose that students reflect on what they learned during the lesson. Questions like "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?" can be asked. Students should have a minute to think about these questions, and then those who feel comfortable can share their answers with the class.

4. Student Feedback (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should request feedback from students about the lesson. They can evaluate the lesson in terms of clarity of presented concepts, relevance of content to daily life, and effectiveness of teaching methods used. Student feedback is a valuable tool for the teacher to assess the effectiveness of their lessons and make adjustments, if necessary, to improve student learning.

This Return moment is crucial to consolidate students' learning and for the teacher to assess the effectiveness of their lesson. Therefore, it is important for the teacher to plan and execute this moment with care and attention.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should summarize the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing the concept of biodiversity and its three main characteristics: variety of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It is important to emphasize that biodiversity is fundamental for maintaining life on Earth and that each species plays a unique and important role in ecosystems.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should highlight how the lesson managed to connect theory, practice, and applications. It can be mentioned how the poster activity allowed students to understand practically the characteristics of biodiversity and how the problem situations proposed at the beginning of the lesson helped apply these concepts in real contexts.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge about biodiversity. This can include books, documentaries, websites of nature conservation organizations, among others. For example, the teacher can suggest the book "The Song of the Dodo" by David Quammen, which explores the relationship between biodiversity and pandemics.

4. Topic Importance (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the lesson topic for daily life and for society as a whole. It can be discussed how the loss of biodiversity can affect food security, human health, climate stability, and the economy. The teacher can also reinforce the importance of everyone doing their part to preserve biodiversity, whether through small daily actions or through engagement in nature conservation movements.

This Conclusion moment is essential to consolidate students' learning and for them to understand the relevance of the topic studied. Furthermore, by suggesting additional study materials, the teacher is encouraging students to continue learning about the subject autonomously, which is a valuable skill for life.