Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of extractivism: The teacher must ensure that students understand what extractivism is and what its main characteristics are. This includes the exploitation of natural resources such as minerals, wood, gold, oil, among others.

2. Differentiate the types of extractivism: Students should be able to distinguish between mineral, vegetable, and animal extractivism. This involves understanding how each of these types of extractivism works, which resources are extracted, and what the environmental implications are.

3. Understand the importance of extractivism: The teacher should emphasize the importance of extractivism for the economy and human development, while highlighting the challenges and negative impacts associated with this practice.

Secondary Objectives

• Stimulate critical thinking: The teacher should encourage students to analyze extractivism from a critical perspective, considering not only the economic benefits but also the environmental and social impacts.

• Promote debate and discussion: The teacher should create an environment conducive to students expressing their opinions, asking questions, and debating on the topic of extractivism.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the basic concepts of natural resources and their importance to society. This may include a review of different types of natural resources (renewable and non-renewable) and how they are used.

2. Problem situations: The teacher can present two hypothetical situations to arouse students' interest and introduce the topic. For example:

   • "Imagine you live in a community that depends on fishing for sustenance. Suddenly, a large mining company starts operating in the region, polluting the rivers and affecting marine life. How do you think this would impact your community?"
   • "Have you ever stopped to think where the oil used to make gasoline that fuels cars comes from? Or the wood used to build houses and furniture? These are examples of resources extracted from nature through extractivism."

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of extractivism for the economy, showing examples of countries that heavily depend on it, such as Brazil (with mineral extractivism - iron ore, gold, etc - and vegetable extractivism - wood, soybeans, etc).

4. Capture students' attention: To capture students' attention, the teacher can share curiosities and interesting facts about extractivism. For example:

   • "Did you know that Brazil is one of the world's largest producers of iron ore? This is a very important resource for the industry, as it is used in steel production."
   • "Have you heard about sustainable extractivism? It is a practice that seeks to reconcile the exploitation of natural resources with environmental preservation and the improvement of living conditions for local communities. Let's talk more about this during the lesson."

By the end of the Introduction, students should have a basic understanding of what extractivism is, why it is important, and what the different types are. They should also be motivated and curious to learn more.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory presentation (10 - 12 minutes):

   • Definition of Extractivism (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should start by explaining that extractivism is the activity that consists of exploiting natural resources (minerals, vegetables, and animals) from the environment. At this point, it is important to emphasize that extractivism can be a positive practice when done sustainably and respecting the environment, or negative when done in a predatory manner without concern for preservation.

   • Mineral Extractivism (3 - 4 minutes): Next, the teacher should define mineral extractivism, explaining that it involves the exploitation of ores such as iron, gold, copper, etc. The teacher should highlight the importance of iron ore for the industry and the Brazilian economy. Additionally, the environmental impacts of this type of extractivism, such as soil degradation and river contamination, should be emphasized.

   • Vegetable Extractivism (3 - 4 minutes): Then, the teacher should address vegetable extractivism, which consists of the exploitation of plant resources such as wood, fruits, seeds, etc. At this point, the importance of the Amazon for vegetable extractivism and the impacts of this type of activity on the forest and local communities should be discussed.

   • Animal Extractivism (3 - 4 minutes): Finally, the teacher should explain animal extractivism, which involves the exploitation of animal resources such as fish, crustaceans, birds, etc. Here, fishing and hunting should be discussed, highlighting the importance of sustainable fishing and the impacts of predatory fishing and illegal hunting.

2. Practical Activities (10 - 13 minutes):

   • Case Study (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher can present a real or fictional case study involving a socio-environmental conflict related to extractivism. For example, the dispute between indigenous people and gold miners in the Upper Rio Negro region, in the Amazon. Students should analyze the case, identify the actors involved, the arguments of each side, the impacts of the conflict, and possible solutions.

   • Debate (5 - 6 minutes): After presenting the case study, the teacher should promote a debate among students. Each group should defend a position (indigenous people or gold miners) and present arguments, taking into account economic, social, and environmental aspects. The goal is for students to understand the complexity of socio-environmental conflicts and the importance of dialogue and respect for different views.

3. Conclusion of Development (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should conclude the Development of the lesson by summarizing the main points addressed and reinforcing the importance of extractivism for the economy and human development, while highlighting the challenges and negative impacts associated with this practice. The teacher should also emphasize the importance of debate and critical reflection on the topic.

Return (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Review (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start this stage by providing a brief summary of the main points covered in the lesson. This may include the definition of extractivism, the different types (mineral, vegetable, animal), examples of each, their environmental and social implications, and the importance of debate and critical reflection on the topic.

2. Connection to Practice (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should connect the theory presented with practice. This can be done through questions that lead students to think about how what they have learned applies to the real world. For example:

   • "How does extractivism affect the lives of people living in extraction regions?"
   • "Can you think of examples of recent news involving extractivism?"
   • "How can extractivism contribute to a country's economy? And what are the risks and challenges associated with this activity?"

3. Final Reflection (1 minute): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect for a minute on the following questions:

   • "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   • "What questions have not been answered yet?"

4. Feedback (1 - 2 minutes): After the reflection, the teacher can ask some students to share their answers with the class. This not only helps reinforce what was learned but also gives the teacher the opportunity to identify any gaps in students' understanding. The teacher should encourage students to be honest in their answers and not be afraid to ask questions or express doubts.

By the end of this stage, students should have a solid understanding of what extractivism is, what its different types are, and their implications. They should also be able to apply this knowledge to the analysis of real situations and to the debate on the topic. Additionally, the teacher should have a clear idea of what students have learned and which areas may need more attention in future classes.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should recap the main points discussed during the lesson. This includes the definition of extractivism, the distinction between types of extractivism (mineral, vegetable, animal), their environmental and social implications, and the importance of debate and critical reflection on the topic. The teacher should emphasize that extractivism is a complex practice with significant impacts on the economy, the environment, and society.

2. Connection of Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. This may include discussing how case studies allowed students to apply theoretical concepts to real situations and how the debate promoted critical reflection on the topic. The teacher may also mention examples of how extractivism is applied in everyday life, such as in the production of consumer goods and energy generation.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest reading and viewing materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of extractivism. This may include articles, documentaries, websites of environmental organizations, among others. For example, the teacher may suggest the documentary "Garimpeiros do Século XXI" for students who want to better understand the impacts of gold mining in the Amazon.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of extractivism for students' everyday lives. The teacher can explain how extractivism contributes to economic development but can also lead to socio-environmental conflicts and environmental degradation. Additionally, the teacher can discuss the importance of natural resources being exploited sustainably, ensuring they are available for future generations.

By the end of the Conclusion, students should have a clear understanding of what was learned during the lesson and how they can continue to explore the topic on their own. They should also be aware of the importance of extractivism for their everyday lives and for the future of the planet.