Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Provide an overview of the process of Islam expansion, focusing on the territorial advances of the Arabs and the spread of the Islamic religion.

   • Students should be able to identify the main events and characters involved in the expansion of Islam.
   • Students should understand how the territorial expansion of the Arabs was crucial for the dissemination of Islam.

2. Analyze the impact of Islam expansion on shaping the medieval world.

   • Students should be able to explain how the expansion of Islam affected the social, political, and cultural structure of the medieval world.
   • Students should understand how the expansion of Islam contributed to the formation of a globalized world.

3. Develop critical thinking and analytical skills when evaluating different perspectives on Islam expansion.

   • Students should be able to recognize and consider different viewpoints on Islam expansion.
   • Students should be able to form their own informed opinions on the subject, based on their analysis and discussions.

Secondary Objectives:

1. Stimulate active student participation through group discussions and practical activities.
2. Improve students' research and presentation skills through group projects on topics related to Islam expansion.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content:

   • The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students about the fundamentals of Islam, its origin, and main beliefs.
   • He may also briefly review the historical events that led to the expansion of Islam, such as the life of Muhammad and the unification of Arab tribes.

2. Problem Situations:

   • The teacher can present two problematic situations to arouse students' curiosity and prepare them for the lesson topic.
     1. "How did Islam, a religion that started in a desert city, spread so rapidly and conquer vast territories in a few decades?"
     2. "What were the consequences of Islam expansion for the populations that were conquered and for the development of the medieval world?"

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher can highlight the importance of Islam expansion for world history, especially for the formation of the medieval world.
   • He can mention how Islam expansion influenced the culture, politics, and economy of the regions that were conquered, and how it affected the subsequent history of these regions.

4. Topic Introduction:

   • The teacher can introduce the lesson topic by highlighting some curiosities or interesting stories about Islam expansion.

     1. "Did you know that Islam spread so rapidly that less than a century after Muhammad's death, the Islamic Empire stretched from India to the Iberian Peninsula?"
     2. "Did you know that Islam expansion was facilitated in part by the religious tolerance of the Arabs, who allowed people to continue practicing their own religions as long as they paid a special tax?"

   • The teacher can then connect these curiosities to the theory, explaining how these factors contributed to the rapid expansion of Islam.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Islam Expansion Simulation Activity (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Divide the class into groups of 5 students. Each group will represent an Arab tribe. Each student within the group will have a specific role: tribal leader, warrior, diplomat, merchant, and imam (religious leader).
   • The teacher will provide a map of the region with various cities and villages of different religions (Christian, Jewish, pagan, etc.).
   • The goal of the game is to expand the group's territory by conquering the cities and villages, but allowing people to continue practicing their religion as long as they pay a special tax.
   • Students will have to negotiate with the different cities and villages, decide when to fight and when to make agreements, and manage the group's finances.
   • The teacher will guide the activity, clarifying doubts and asking questions to stimulate discussion and critical thinking.

2. Research and Presentation Activity (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Still in their groups, students will receive a specific topic related to Islam expansion to research.
   • Topics may include: "The life of Muhammad and the unification of Arab tribes", "Islam expansion in Africa", "Islam expansion in the Iberian Peninsula", "Islam expansion in India", "Jihad and Islam expansion", "The role of women in Islam expansion", among others.
   • Students will have to research their topic, prepare a brief presentation, and share their findings with the class.
   • The teacher will guide the activity, helping students find reliable research sources and organize their presentations.

3. Debate on Islam Expansion (optional) (5 - 7 minutes)

   • If time allows, the teacher can organize a class debate on Islam expansion.
   • He can divide the class into two groups, one representing the Arabs and the other representing the conquered populations, and each group will have to defend their point of view.
   • The teacher will guide the debate, ensuring that all students have the opportunity to participate and that the discussion remains respectful and focused on the topic.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Classroom Discussion (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher should start a group discussion with all students about the solutions or conclusions found by each group during the practical activities.
   • He should encourage students to share their experiences, challenges, and discoveries, as well as their opinions and reflections on Islam expansion.
   • The teacher should facilitate the discussion, asking questions to stimulate critical thinking and ensuring that all students have the opportunity to speak.
   • Students should be encouraged to make connections between practice and theory, and to reflect on how the practical activities helped them better understand the lesson topic.

2. Learning Verification (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should then quickly verify learning by asking students to summarize what they learned in the lesson.
   • He can ask questions like: "What was the most important event in Islam expansion?" or "How did Islam expansion affect the populations that were conquered?"
   • This quick learning verification will help the teacher identify any understanding gaps students may have and plan future lessons to address these gaps.

3. Individual Reflection (3 - 5 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should ask students to reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson.
   • He can ask questions like: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?"
   • Students should have a minute to think about these questions and then have the opportunity to share their answers with the class, if they wish.
   • This individual reflection will help students consolidate what they learned and identify any areas of confusion or doubt they may have.

This Return stage is crucial to ensure that the learning objectives of the lesson have been achieved and to assess the effectiveness of the lesson plan. By listening to students' reflections, the teacher can adjust the lesson plan as needed and plan future lessons according to students' needs and interests.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by reiterating the key points of the lesson. This includes the rapid expansion of Islam and the role of the Arabs in spreading the religion.
   • He should remind students about the impact of Islam expansion on shaping the medieval world, including the social, political, and cultural changes that occurred.
   • The teacher can use a map to visually show the territorial expansion of Islam and how it affected the political geography of the medieval world.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. He can highlight how practical activities, such as the Islam expansion simulation and debates, helped illustrate and deepen students' understanding of the lesson topic.
   • He can also emphasize how the theory learned in the lesson can be applied to better understand global history, intercultural relations, and even current conflicts.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who want to delve deeper into the topic. This may include books, documentaries, research websites, and museums with exhibitions on the history of Islam and Islam expansion.
   • For example, he can recommend the book "A Short History of the Arab Peoples" by Albert Hourani, the documentary "Islam: The Untold Story" by Tom Holland, and the website "The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Islamic Art and Culture".
   • The teacher can also provide a list of key terms and concepts that students should review to consolidate their learning.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 minute)

   • In conclusion, the teacher should explain the importance of the lesson topic for students' daily lives. He can emphasize how Islam expansion shaped the history, culture, and politics of many regions of the world, including the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.
   • He can also stress how understanding Islam and Islam expansion can contribute to the appreciation of cultural diversity, understanding of international relations, and promotion of tolerance and mutual respect.