Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

• Main Objective: The teacher must ensure that students understand the concept of reading and textual comprehension, understanding the importance of this process for the effectiveness of written communication. This includes the ability to identify and interpret explicit and implicit information in a text.

• Secondary Objectives:

  1. Develop critical reading skills: Students should be able to analyze and evaluate the content of a text, differentiating between facts, opinions, and inferences.

  2. Develop synthesis skills: Students should be able to summarize the content of a text, identifying its main ideas and arguments.

  3. Develop interpretation skills: Students should be able to interpret information, establish relationships between ideas, and formulate hypotheses based on the text read.

  4. Develop argumentation skills: Students should be able to express their opinions and ideas coherently and substantiated, using the text as a starting point.

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to apply these skills in different contexts and types of texts, such as narratives, descriptions, arguments, and poems.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start by reminding students about the basic concepts of reading and writing. He can ask questions like: 'What is reading?' and 'Why is it important to understand what we read?'. This step is crucial to ensure that all students are on the same page and ready to absorb the new content.

2. Problem-Solving Situations: After the review, the teacher can introduce two problem-solving situations to sharpen students' interest and demonstrate the relevance of reading and textual comprehension. For example:

   • Situation 1: 'Imagine you are reading a history book and come across the following sentence: 'The Industrial Revolution was a milestone in world history.' What do you understand by 'milestone' in this context? How did it affect the world at that time and even today?'

   • Situation 2: 'Now, imagine you are reading an opinion article about climate change and come across the following sentence: 'Human actions have been the main cause of global warming.' How do you interpret this statement? What evidence in the text supports this idea?'

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain that reading and textual comprehension are essential skills in all areas of knowledge and in various everyday situations. They help us better understand the world around us, make informed decisions, and express ourselves effectively.

4. Capturing Students' Attention: To make the subject more engaging, the teacher can share some curiosities or interesting facts about reading and textual comprehension. For example:

   • Curiosity 1: 'Did you know that reading activates the brain in a unique way? When we read, we activate several areas of the brain responsible for language, memory, and even sensory perception.'

   • Curiosity 2: 'And here's a surprising fact: reading can actually make us more empathetic. Studies show that reading fiction, in particular, can increase our ability to understand and sympathize with others' feelings.'

5. Introduction of the Topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson: 'Today, we will deepen our understanding of reading and textual comprehension. We will learn how to identify important information, interpret the meaning of words and phrases, and how to express our own ideas and opinions based on what we read. Shall we begin?'

This Introduction should arouse students' curiosity and interest, preparing them for a more in-depth exploration of the theme.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory: (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Concept of Reading and Textual Comprehension: The teacher should start by explaining that reading is the action of interpreting a text, understanding what the author meant. Textual comprehension, in turn, is the ability to understand the meaning of the text as a whole, involving the identification and interpretation of explicit and implicit information.

   • Types of Text: The teacher should present the main types of text, such as narrative, descriptive, argumentative, and poetic. He should explain that each type of text has its own characteristics and structures, and that effective comprehension of a text depends on becoming familiar with these characteristics.

   • Reading Strategies: The teacher should discuss different reading strategies that students can use to improve their textual comprehension. This may include pre-reading (examining the title, subtitles, images, and captions to predict the content of the text), careful reading (reading the text carefully, highlighting important information), and post-reading (reflecting on what was read, making connections to the real world, and formulating questions).

   • Textual Comprehension Skills: The teacher should explain that textual comprehension goes beyond simply understanding the words in a text. It involves the ability to infer the meaning of unknown words from context, identify and interpret figures of speech, and analyze the structure and purpose of the text.

2. Practical Activity 1 - Identifying Types of Text: (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should provide students with a variety of texts (an excerpt from a novel, a newspaper article, a poem, an advertisement, etc.) and ask them to identify the type of text of each one and justify their answer, pointing out the characteristics of the text that led them to that conclusion.

   • This activity will help students understand the importance of recognizing and becoming familiar with different types of text for effective reading and textual comprehension.

3. Practical Activity 2 - Interpreting Texts: (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should provide students with a short and challenging text (for example, an excerpt from a science fiction book or a complex opinion article) and ask them to read it carefully and then answer questions that require deeper thinking and careful interpretation of the text.

   • This activity will help students develop their textual interpretation skills, including the ability to infer the meaning of unknown words and phrases, identify the purpose and structure of the text, and formulate their own opinions and ideas based on what they read.

4. Practical Activity 3 - Text Synthesis: (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should provide students with several short texts on a common topic (for example, recent news about a current event) and ask them to synthesize the information from these texts, identifying the main ideas and arguments and expressing them in their own words.

   • This activity will help students develop their synthesis skills, which are essential for effective comprehension and clear communication of information from texts.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher should promote a group discussion, where students have the opportunity to share their answers and solutions to the practical activities carried out. This allows them to learn from each other, see different perspectives, and improve their argumentation skills.

   • The teacher should encourage students to explain their answers, provide examples from the text that support their interpretations, and ask each other questions to clarify any doubts.

2. Connection with Theory: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • After the discussion, the teacher should make the connection between the practical activities and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. He should highlight how reading strategies, identification of types of text, textual interpretation, and text synthesis were applied during the activities.

   • The teacher should reinforce the importance of reading and textual comprehension skills in academic and real-world contexts, and how they can help students become better communicators and critical thinkers.

3. Self-assessment: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. They should think about the following questions:

     1. What was the most important concept learned today?
     2. Which reading and textual comprehension skills do you think you have improved?
     3. What questions or concepts have not been fully understood yet?

   • The teacher should encourage students to write down their answers and share them in the next class, if they feel comfortable. This self-assessment will help students consolidate what they have learned and identify areas that may need more practice or review.

4. Teacher's Feedback: (1 minute)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should provide overall feedback on the class's performance, praising strengths and offering suggestions for improvements. He should reinforce the importance of practicing reading and textual comprehension skills regularly and being open to challenges and new ideas.

   • The teacher should remind students that reading and textual comprehension are skills that develop over time and with practice, and that all efforts are valuable and important.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by summarizing the main points discussed. He can recall the definition of reading and textual comprehension, the different types of text, reading strategies, interpretation and synthesis skills, and the importance of critical reading.

   • This recap will help reinforce the concepts and skills learned, and provide a solid foundation for future review and practice.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications: (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory to practice and applications. He can highlight how the practical activities allowed students to apply and deepen their theoretical knowledge, and how reading and textual comprehension skills are relevant and useful in various everyday situations.

   • This connection will help students see the value and relevance of what they have learned, and understand how they can apply these skills in their lives outside the classroom.

3. Extra Materials: (1 minute)

   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of reading and textual comprehension. This may include books, articles, websites, videos, and online exercises.

   • The recommended materials should be accessible, interesting, and relevant to students, and should be presented in a way that encourages exploration and autonomous learning.

4. Importance of the Subject: (1 - 2 minutes)

   • In conclusion, the teacher should emphasize the importance of reading and textual comprehension in today's world. He can explain how these skills are essential for effective participation in society, for academic and professional success, and for personal development.

   • The teacher can also remind students that reading and textual comprehension are powerful tools for expanding knowledge, developing empathy and imagination, and promoting critical thinking and active citizenship.

   • This final reflection will help reinforce the relevance of the subject and motivate students to continue practicing and improving their reading and textual comprehension skills.