Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Textual Genre: Fables, Myths, and Legends

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to establish a clear and understandable foundation about the textual genres of fables, myths, and legends. By providing definitions and characteristics, students will be able to recognize and differentiate these genres, facilitating the comprehension and interpretation of different texts. This stage also prepares students for the comparative analysis that will be conducted later in the lesson.

Main Objectives

1. Explain what fables, myths, and legends are.

2. Identify the main characteristics of fables, myths, and legends.

3. Promote the comparison between distinct fables, myths, and legends.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

🎯 The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to establish a clear and understandable foundation about the textual genres of fables, myths, and legends. By providing definitions and characteristics, students will be able to recognize and differentiate these genres, facilitating the comprehension and interpretation of different texts. This stage also prepares students for the comparative analysis that will be conducted later in the lesson.

Context

📚 To start the lesson on textual genres: fables, myths, and legends, it is essential to contextualize students about the importance of these elements in literature and culture. Explain that these textual genres are narratives that are part of the oral and written tradition of various cultures around the world. They serve to convey teachings, moral values, beliefs, and to explain natural or social phenomena. Emphasize that, throughout history, these narratives have been passed down from generation to generation, influencing the way we understand the world and society.

Curiosities

🌟 Curiosity: Did you know that many of the fables, myths, and legends we know today are hundreds or even thousands of years old? For example, Aesop's fables, a famous Greek fabulist, were written over 2,500 years ago and are still told and retold today! These stories have survived the test of time and continue to teach valuable lessons and entertain people of all ages.

Development

Duration: (30 - 40 minutes)

🎯 The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to deepen students' knowledge about the specific characteristics of fables, myths, and legends, allowing them to recognize and differentiate these textual genres. By providing detailed examples and reflective questions, students will be able to interpret and compare different narratives, developing critical and analytical skills.

Covered Topics

1. 📜 Fables: Explain that fables are short narratives, usually with animals as characters, that possess human characteristics. Highlight that the main purpose of fables is to teach moral or ethical lessons. Example: 'The Tortoise and the Hare' by Aesop. 2. 🏺 Myths: Define myths as traditional stories that seek to explain the origin of the world, natural phenomena, and aspects of the human condition with the intervention of gods and supernatural beings. Emphasize that myths are fundamental for understanding the beliefs and values of ancient cultures. Example: The myth of Prometheus in Greek mythology. 3. 👻 Legends: Explain that legends are narratives that combine real and fictional elements, usually associated with a specific locality or character. Highlight that legends serve to preserve the history and cultural identity of a people. Example: The legend of Saci-Pererê in Brazilian folklore.

Classroom Questions

1. What is the main difference between a fable and a myth? Use examples to illustrate your answer. 2. Choose one fable, one myth, and one legend that you are already familiar with and explain the main lesson or message of each. 3. How can legends reflect the culture and values of a particular people? Give a specific example to support your answer.

Questions Discussion

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

🎯 The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to consolidate the knowledge gained by the students about fables, myths, and legends, promoting an in-depth and reflective discussion about the characteristics, lessons, and values conveyed by these textual genres. By engaging students in questions and reflections, the teacher facilitates critical comprehension and the ability to compare different narratives, enriching learning and text interpretation.

Discussion

• What is the main difference between a fable and a myth? Use examples to illustrate your answer. Explain that the main difference lies in the purpose and structure of the narratives. Fables are short stories with anthropomorphized animals that teach moral lessons, like 'The Tortoise and the Hare' by Aesop, which teaches about the importance of perseverance and humility. Myths, on the other hand, are longer narratives that seek to explain natural phenomena, the origin of the world, and aspects of the human condition through gods and supernatural beings. An example is the myth of Prometheus in Greek mythology, which explains the origin of fire and divine punishment.

• Choose a fable, a myth, and a legend that you already know and explain the main lesson or message of each. Encourage students to share their choices and reflections. For example, in the fable 'The Ant and the Grasshopper' by Aesop, the lesson is about the importance of hard work and preparation for the future. In the myth of Icarus, the message is about the dangers of arrogance and disobedience. In the legend of Saci-Pererê, we can discuss the preservation of Brazilian cultural identity and the appreciation of folklore.

• How can legends reflect the culture and values of a particular people? Give a specific example to support your answer. Explain that legends are a way of preserving the history and cultural identity of a people, reflecting their values, beliefs, and traditions. For example, the legend of Curupira in Brazilian folklore, who is a protector of the forests, reflects the importance that indigenous cultures give to the preservation of nature and respect for the environment.

Student Engagement

1. 🌟 Questions and Reflections: 2. Which fable do you think could be rewritten to teach a relevant moral lesson today? Why? 3. If you could create a myth to explain a modern natural phenomenon, what would that myth be? 4. Which legend from your region do you think is the most interesting? Why? 5. How do you think fables, myths, and legends can influence the way we see the world and ourselves? 6. Do you think fables, myths, and legends still play an important role in today's society? Justify your answer.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

🎯 The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the main points discussed during the lesson, ensuring that students have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the textual genres of fables, myths, and legends. Additionally, this stage aims to connect theory to practice, demonstrating the relevance and application of the concepts learned in the students' daily lives.

Summary

• Fables are short narratives with anthropomorphized animals that teach moral lessons.
• Myths are traditional stories that explain the origin of the world and natural phenomena with the intervention of gods and supernatural beings.
• Legends combine real and fictional elements, associated with a specific locality or character, preserving the history and cultural identity of a people.

The lesson connected theory with practice by providing clear definitions and specific examples of fables, myths, and legends, in addition to involving students in reflective questions and comparisons between these textual genres. This allowed students to apply theoretical knowledge in practical analyses and critical discussions, reinforcing their understanding of the concepts presented.

The study of fables, myths, and legends is important for students' daily lives, as these narratives not only entertain but also convey values, moral lessons, and cultural insights that remain relevant today. For example, understanding the lesson of a fable can help students make ethical decisions, while knowing local myths and legends can strengthen their sense of cultural identity and belonging.