Lesson Plan Teknis | Organic Functions: Nomenclature of Nitrile and Isonitrile

Objective

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The aim of this stage is to build a strong foundation for understanding the naming conventions of organic compounds, particularly nitriles and isonitriles. By honing practical skills and the ability to differentiate these compounds, students will be more equipped for real-world applications in the job market, where accurate identification and naming of compounds is crucial in various chemical and pharmaceutical sectors.

Objective Utama:

1. Identify and explain the IUPAC naming system for nitriles and isonitriles.

2. Distinguish nitriles and isonitriles from other organic compounds.

Objective Sampingan:

1. Recognize the significance of nitriles and isonitriles in industrial uses and the job market.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

Purpose: This stage is designed to engage students by highlighting the practical applications and relevance of nitriles and isonitriles in the industry. By connecting theoretical concepts to real-world job scenarios, learners will appreciate the importance of mastering the nomenclature and identification of these compounds, thus better preparing themselves for future employment opportunities.

Curiosities and Market Connection

Curiosities and Market Connection: Nitriles are essential in creating synthetic fibres such as nylon and acrylic, which are utilised in a variety of products from clothing to car parts. Interestingly, the amygdala, part of the human brain, contains traces of natural nitriles, which are volatile substances. In contrast, isonitriles are used in drug synthesis and the development of novel materials with unique properties. Recent studies suggest that some isonitriles could serve as anti-cancer agents, opening exciting new avenues in medicine.

Contextualization

Contextualization: Nitriles and isonitriles play a vital role in organic chemistry and the chemical sector. Nitriles are extensively utilised in the production of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Although isonitriles are less common, they have notable uses in the synthesis of complex compounds and in chemical research. Mastering the correct naming and identification of these compounds is fundamental for any professional aiming to work in the chemical or pharmaceutical field, where accuracy and technical know-how are key.

Initial Activity

Initial Activity: Create a short video (2-3 minutes) showcasing the role of nitriles in the production of synthetic fibres and their implications for the job market. After the video, pose the following question to the class: “In what ways do you believe the ability to name and identify organic compounds can enhance efficiency and innovation in the chemical industry?” Encourage students to chat with a partner and share insights with the whole class.

Development

Duration: 55 - 60 minutes

This stage aims to reinforce theoretical knowledge through engaging and interactive activities, allowing students to practice and discuss the nomenclature of nitriles and isonitriles. Building molecular models and conducting exercises promote active participation, enhancing comprehension and retention of the material.

Topics

1. IUPAC naming of nitriles

2. IUPAC naming of isonitriles

3. Differences between nitriles and isonitriles

4. Industrial and pharmaceutical uses of nitriles

5. Industrial and pharmaceutical uses of isonitriles

Thoughts on the Subject

Encourage students to think about how accurate nomenclature and identification of nitriles and isonitriles can affect efficiency and safety in industrial settings. Prompt them to consider practical scenarios like polymer manufacturing or drug synthesis and reflect on the implications of misidentifying these compounds.

Mini Challenge

Mini Challenge: Constructing Molecular Models

Students will work in small groups using molecular model kits to create models of nitriles and isonitriles. Each group must construct at least two examples of each compound and present the correct nomenclature to their peers.

1. Organise students into groups of 3-4.

2. Provide each group with a molecular model kit.

3. Instruct groups to build two examples of nitriles and two examples of isonitriles.

4. Each group should label their constructed compounds with the correct IUPAC names.

5. Guide each group to present their models and explain the nomenclature to the class.

6. Encourage discussion and group corrections throughout the presentations.

This activity aims to enable students to apply their theoretical knowledge practically by building molecular models and using the correct naming conventions. This interactive approach reinforces learning and solidifies understanding in a collaborative environment.

**Duration: 30 - 35 minutes

Evaluation Exercises

1. Provide the IUPAC names for these compounds: CH3CN, C2H5CN, CH3NC, C2H5NC.

2. Sketch the molecular structures for the following compounds: propionitrile, butyronitrile, methyl isonitrile, ethyl isonitrile.

3. Discuss the structural and nomenclatural distinctions between nitriles and isonitriles.

4. Share examples of industrial or pharmaceutical uses for nitriles and isonitriles and elaborate on the significance of accurate nomenclature in these contexts.

Conclusion

Duration: 15 - 20 minutes

This stage's goal is to solidify learning, ensuring that students grasp the practical and theoretical relevance of the content covered. By revisiting key points and fostering reflective discussions, students can better internalise the knowledge gained and comprehend its application in the job market.

Discussion

Lead an open conversation with students about the key points discussed during the lesson, including the naming systems for nitriles and isonitriles, their differences, and their industrial applications. Motivate students to reflect on how labelling and accurately identifying these compounds can affect efficiency and safety in various chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Ask about the challenges faced during the model-building mini-challenge and seek their input on how such activities might translate into real job scenarios.

Summary

Summarise the main topics covered: the IUPAC naming system for nitriles and isonitriles, the structural differences between these compounds, and their uses in industry and pharmaceuticals. Emphasise the necessity of mastering correct nomenclature to ensure accuracy and efficiency in chemical processes.

Closing

Clarify to students how the lesson linked theoretical concepts, practical applications, and real-world scenarios, underscoring the relevance of acquired knowledge for future employment prospects. Conclude by stressing the significance of accurately recognising and naming nitriles and isonitriles, not only for understanding organic chemistry but also for practical application in industries that depend on these compounds.