Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Ethics and Will

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The goal of this part of the lesson plan is to introduce students to the concept of Ethics and Will, laying a solid groundwork for understanding ethics as a universal human responsibility that surpasses individual desires. This segment is essential for gearing students up for future discussions and activities, ensuring they are aware of the lesson's key objectives and the relevance of the subject matter.

Objectives Utama:

1. Discuss the significance of ethics as a fundamental human obligation.

2. Illustrate how ethics should take priority over personal desires in real-life scenarios.

3. Help students grasp the connection between ethics and personal will.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The aim of this part of the lesson plan is to familiarize students with the topic of Ethics and Will, setting a strong foundation for comprehending ethics as a universal responsibility that goes beyond personal will. This section is key to preparing students for upcoming discussions and activities, ensuring they grasp the main objectives of the lesson and understand the relevance of the topic at hand.

Did you know?

Did you know that influential thinkers like Immanuel Kant argued that ethics is universal and should be applied in all situations? Kant suggested that we should adhere to categorical imperatives, which are ethical guidelines that apply without exception. Essentially, Kant believed that we ought to act in ways that could be universalized as laws governing everyone.

Contextualization

To kick off the lesson on Ethics and Will, it’s crucial to establish a foundational understanding of these concepts. Ethics, a branch of philosophy, is concerned with what is morally right or wrong. But it extends beyond mere rules; it encompasses the principles that govern our actions, often necessitating the prioritization of the collective good over our individual cravings. Meanwhile, will pertains to our personal choices and desires. The clash between ethics and will features prominently in philosophical discussions, prompting the question of how much we ought to forgo our personal interests for the community’s benefit.

Concepts

Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

The aim of this part of the lesson plan is to deepen students' grasp of ethics and personal will, illustrating how ethical considerations ought to take precedence over personal desires. By providing detailed explanations, relatable examples, and reflective questions, students will be prompted to contemplate the importance of ethical actions in various everyday situations.

Relevant Topics

1. Definition of Ethics: Discuss how ethics is a branch of philosophy that addresses the principles guiding human behaviour, differentiating what is right from what is wrong. Stress that ethics involves responsibility and the common good, rather than merely a set of rules.

2. Difference between Ethics and Morality: Explain the distinction between ethics (universal principles) and morality (specific norms and practices of a culture). Clarify that while ethics provides a broader perspective on human actions, morality is more context-dependent.

3. Concept of Will: Define will as the capacity for making choices based on personal desires. Emphasize that personal will can sometimes conflict with ethical standards, prompting reflection on how far we should pursue our own interests.

4. Immanuel Kant and the Categorical Imperative: Introduce Kant's view of ethics as an unconditional commitment. Explain categorical imperatives, which suggest that our actions should align with principles that could apply universally. Offer practical examples to illustrate how this principle plays out in daily life.

5. Conflict between Ethics and Will: Explore scenarios where personal will clashes with ethical considerations. Use historical instances or hypothetical examples to encourage reflection on the significance of remaining ethical, even against our personal interests.

6. Ethics in Practice: Discuss how to incorporate ethical principles in everyday contexts, like at school, in the workplace, and within personal relationships. Highlight how ethical choices promote societal well-being and have positive societal impacts.

To Reinforce Learning

1. 1. In your own words, describe how ethics differs from morality.

2. 2. Can you provide an example of a situation where your personal will conflicts with an ethical standard? What would your approach be to resolve it?

3. 3. What does Immanuel Kant mean by the categorical imperative, and how can you apply it to a real-life situation?

Feedback

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The goal of this segment is to review and discuss students' responses to the questions posed in the Development stage, encouraging a thoughtful debate on ethics and personal will. This part is vital for reinforcing learning, allowing students the chance to voice their perspectives, clarify uncertainties, and relate the concepts to their own lives.

Diskusi Concepts

1. Question 1: Describe the difference between ethics and morality in your own words. 2. Ethics pertains to universal principles that guide human behaviour, distinguishing right from wrong. Morality, however, consists of the norms and customs specific to a society. While ethics seeks the foundational reasoning behind actions, morality is more contextual, rooted in historical or cultural practices. 3. Question 2: Present an example of a conflict where personal will clashes with an ethical principle. How would you navigate this? 4. A classic scenario involves the choice between telling the truth and lying to protect a friend. For instance, if a friend makes a major error and asks you to fabricate the truth to cover it, your personal desire might lean towards lying to comfort them. However, the ethical principle of honesty suggests that being truthful is paramount. The resolution may include having an open conversation about the value of honesty and collaboratively exploring alternative solutions without resorting to deceit. 5. Question 3: What is Kant’s categorical imperative, and how can it be applied in a practical situation in your life? 6. Kant’s categorical imperative is an ethical guideline suggesting that we should act in ways that our actions could be universally adopted. This prompts us to consider whether we’d be comfortable with everyone acting in the same manner. For instance, if faced with the temptation to cheat on a test, ask yourself if you believe all students should cheat as well. If your answer is no, then cheating remains ethically unjustifiable.

Engaging Students

1. Do you resonate with the provided definition of ethics? Why or why not? 2. In your view, is it feasible for an ethical standard to hold true across all cultures and times? Can you give an example? 3. Have you encountered a scenario where your personal desires conflicted with an ethical standard? How did you address that situation? 4. How do you think ethical decisions contribute to the greater good? 5. Kant advocated for universality in ethics. Do you align with this perspective? Explain your reasoning.

Conclusion

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

This final part of the lesson plan seeks to review and solidify the primary concepts discussed, ensuring that students appreciate the role of ethics as a collective responsibility that surpasses their individual desires. This section is designed to wrap up the lesson with clarity, reinforcing the link between theory and practice while underscoring the pertinence of the topic in students' everyday lives.

Summary

['Ethics represents a philosophical field that addresses the underlying principles of human behaviour, distinguishing right from wrong.', 'Ethics brings into focus notions of duty and the common good, in contrast to morality, which is typically linked to societal customs.', 'Will refers to the ability of individuals to make choices based on personal desires, which can sometimes conflict with ethical principles.', 'Immanuel Kant proposed that ethics should be universal and unconditional, introducing the idea of a categorical imperative.', 'The ongoing tension between ethics and personal will raises the question of our willingness to place community benefit over individual interests.', 'Implementing ethical principles in our daily lives plays a crucial role in fostering collective well-being and boosting societal positivity.']

Connection

The lesson effectively bridged theory with real-world application by focusing on how ethical principles can and should be integrated into everyday life within educational, professional, and personal contexts. Concrete examples were utilized alongside reflective questions to show that ethics should take precedence over personal will, based on Kant’s propositions.

Theme Relevance

The significance of this topic lies in the direct impact that ethical choices have on community health and social cohesion. Recognizing the differences between ethics and personal will empowers students to make more responsible, informed decisions, fostering an environment conducive to fairness and equity. Intriguing insights into Kant’s categorical imperative further highlight the practical importance of adhering to ethical principles across various life situations.