Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the structure and functioning of the animals' respiratory system: The main objective of this lesson is to ensure that students understand the structure and functioning of the animals' respiratory system. They should be able to identify the main organs involved in respiration and understand how they work together to enable breathing.

2. Analyze the differences and similarities of the respiratory system among animals: In addition to understanding the respiratory system itself, students should be able to compare and contrast the respiratory system of different animals. They should be able to identify the similarities and differences between the respiratory systems of aquatic, terrestrial, and flying animals.

3. Relate the animals' respiratory system to the environment they live in: Finally, students should be able to relate the animals' respiratory systems to the environments they live in. For example, they should understand why aquatic animals have a different respiratory system than terrestrial animals and how this helps them survive in their environment.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Stimulate research and scientific curiosity: Through the study of animals' respiratory system, students should be encouraged to explore more about the topic, deepening their knowledge and developing research skills.

   • Promote critical thinking and comparison skills: By comparing the respiratory systems of different animals, students should be encouraged to think critically and develop comparison skills, which are essential for science.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students of the importance of breathing, briefly reviewing the concepts of cellular respiration and the structures of the human respiratory system. This will help establish a solid foundation for the study of animals' respiratory system.

2. Problem situation (4 - 5 minutes): Next, the teacher can propose two problem situations to arouse students' interest:

   • Situation 1: "Why can fish breathe underwater, but humans can't?"
   • Situation 2: "How do bats breathe while flying?"

   These questions should serve to stimulate students' curiosity and prepare them for the content that will be covered in the lesson.

3. Contextualization (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should then contextualize the importance of studying animals' respiratory system, explaining how the acquired knowledge can be applied in everyday situations. For example, understanding how animals breathe can help explain why they behave in certain ways, or why certain animals live in specific environments.

4. Capturing students' attention (2 - 3 minutes): To conclude the Introduction, the teacher can share some curiosities about the animals' respiratory system. For example:

   • Curiosity 1: "Did you know that whales can stay submerged for up to 90 minutes because they have a respiratory system adapted to retain oxygen?"
   • Curiosity 2: "And that birds have a unique respiratory system that allows them to fly at high altitudes, where the air is thinner?"

   These curiosities should help capture students' attention and motivate them to learn more about the subject.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 1 - Building a respiratory system model (10 - 12 minutes): In this practical activity, students will be divided into groups and given materials such as plastic bags, straws, string, paper, scissors, and tape. They will be challenged to build a three-dimensional model of an animal respiratory system of their choice (for example, fish, bird, human, etc.). The teacher should provide diagrams and information about the animals' respiratory system to guide the model construction.

   • Step 1: Each group should choose an animal and research about its respiratory system. They should identify the organs involved and how they function.
   • Step 2: Using the provided materials, students should start building their model. They should be encouraged to be creative and represent the organs realistically.
   • Step 3: While students build their models, the teacher should circulate around the room, providing guidance and clarifying doubts.
   • Step 4: After construction, each group should present their model to the class, explaining how the respiratory system of the chosen animal works.

2. Activity 2 - Card game "Breathe, Breathe!" (10 - 12 minutes): This playful activity aims to reinforce students' understanding of the animals' respiratory system. The teacher should prepare a set of cards with images of different animals and information about their respiratory systems.

   • Step 1: Students will be divided into groups, and each group will receive a set of cards.
   • Step 2: The teacher will then ask a question related to the respiratory system of one of the animals on the card. For example: "How does a fish's breathing differ from a human's?"
   • Step 3: The group with the correct answer can play a card from their set.
   • Step 4: The game continues until a group has played all their cards.
   • Step 5: The winning group will be the one with the most cards. This game serves to promote interaction among students, critical thinking, and active learning.

3. Activity 3 - Research and presentation on specific animals (5 - 8 minutes): To deepen students' understanding of the relationship between animals' respiratory system and the environment they live in, each group will be assigned to research a specific animal and present their findings to the class.

   • Step 1: The teacher should provide a list of animals (for example, whale, bat, crocodile, etc.) and each group should choose one.
   • Step 2: Using resources such as books, encyclopedias, and the internet, students should research the chosen animal, focusing on its respiratory system and how it adapts to its environment.
   • Step 3: Each group should prepare a short presentation to share their findings. They should be encouraged to use images, diagrams, and other visual aids to make the presentation more interesting.
   • Step 4: After the presentations, the teacher should facilitate a class discussion, comparing the different respiratory systems and how they relate to the animals' environments.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should promote a group discussion with all students. In this discussion, each group has the opportunity to share the solutions or conclusions found during the activities. Each group will have a maximum of 3 minutes to present.

   • Step 1: The teacher should start the discussion by asking a representative from each group to briefly share the model they built and the conclusions they drew from the activity.
   • Step 2: Next, the teacher should ask each group what were the main difficulties encountered during the activity and how they overcame them.
   • Step 3: The teacher should then facilitate the discussion, highlighting the main ideas and concepts that emerged from the groups' presentations. The goal is for students to understand not only the animals' respiratory system but also the importance of teamwork and the ability to communicate their ideas clearly and concisely.

2. Learning verification (3 - 5 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher should verify students' learning. This can be done through targeted questions or a brief written assessment.

   • Step 1: The teacher should ask questions like: "What are the main similarities and differences between the respiratory system of the animals you studied?" or "How is an animal's respiratory system related to the environment it lives in?"
   • Step 2: The teacher should listen carefully to students' answers and provide constructive feedback. If necessary, the teacher can revisit some concepts or clarify any remaining doubts.

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on the lesson. The teacher should ask questions like:

   • Question 1: "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   • Question 2: "What questions have not been answered yet?"

   This final reflection will allow students to consolidate what they have learned and identify any gaps in their understanding, which can be addressed in future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should give a brief summary of the main points covered during the lesson. This includes the structure and functioning of the animals' respiratory system, the differences and similarities between the respiratory systems of aquatic, terrestrial, and flying animals, and the relationship between the animals' respiratory system and the environment they live in. The teacher should also revisit the problem situations presented at the beginning of the lesson and check if students now have a clearer understanding of how to solve these problems.

2. Connection with Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should highlight how the activities carried out during the lesson allowed students to apply the theoretical concepts learned in a practical and interactive way. For example, building the respiratory system models and playing the card game provided students with the opportunity to explore and understand more deeply the structure and function of the animals' respiratory system.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should suggest additional materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. This may include books, websites, videos, and documentaries about the animals' respiratory system. The teacher should encourage students to explore these resources in their own time and to bring any questions or insights that may arise to future classroom discussions.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of studying the animals' respiratory system. The teacher should explain that, besides being a fascinating topic in itself, understanding this system is crucial to comprehend how animals adapt and survive in different environments. Furthermore, the study of the animals' respiratory system can have practical implications, for example, in wildlife conservation or veterinary medicine. The teacher should encourage students to reflect on how what they learned in the lesson applies to the world around them and their own lives.