Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Inorganic Functions: Oxides

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to provide a clear and objective overview of the main objectives of the lesson, allowing students to know exactly what they will learn and how it relates to a broader understanding of the topic. This helps to direct the students' attention and focus during the explanation, ensuring that they are prepared to absorb and apply the knowledge that will be presented.

Main Objectives

1. Recognize and define what an oxide is, differentiating it from other chemical compounds.

2. Understand the properties of oxides and how they influence their chemical behavior.

3. Classify oxides into different categories, such as basic oxides and acidic oxides, based on their chemical characteristics.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to capture students' attention and spark interest in the topic, contextualizing the importance of oxides in the real world. This will help create a solid foundation for understanding the concepts that will be explored during the lesson, facilitating learning and engaging students from the beginning.

Context

To start the lesson on Inorganic Functions: Oxides, it is crucial to situate the students within the broader context of Inorganic Chemistry. Explain that oxides are binary compounds formed by the combination of an element with oxygen. These compounds are ubiquitous in nature and have a vast range of applications, from civil construction, using calcium oxide (lime), to technology, using silicon oxide in the manufacture of microchips. This way, students can understand that oxides are not just theoretical concepts, but essential materials in everyday life.

Curiosities

Did you know that iron oxide, more commonly known as rust, is one of the most common and visible oxides in our daily lives? Furthermore, carbon dioxide (CO₂), an acidic oxide, is one of the main contributors to the greenhouse effect and climate change. These connections with daily life and environmental issues help make the study of oxides more relevant to students.

Development

Duration: (30 - 40 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to provide students with an in-depth and detailed understanding of oxides, their classifications, and properties. By addressing these topics systematically, the teacher ensures that students are able to recognize and differentiate oxides, as well as understand their various practical applications and chemical reactions.

Covered Topics

1. Definition of Oxides: Explain that oxides are binary compounds formed by oxygen and another chemical element. Detail that oxides can be classified according to the nature of the element that combines with oxygen. 2. Classification of Oxides: Present the classification of oxides into basic oxides, acidic oxides, amphoteric oxides, and neutral oxides. Provide examples of each type and explain their chemical properties. Basic Oxides: Form bases when they react with water. Example: Sodium Oxide (Na2O). Acidic Oxides: Form acids when they react with water. Example: Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). Amphoteric Oxides: Can act as acids or bases. Example: Zinc Oxide (ZnO). Neutral Oxides: Do not react with water to form acids or bases. Example: Carbon Monoxide (CO). 3. Properties of Oxides: Detail the physical and chemical properties of oxides. Explain how the polarity of the bonds and the molecular structure influence their properties. 4. Importance and Applications of Oxides: Discuss the various applications of oxides in industry and everyday life. Exemplify with the use of calcium oxide in civil construction and silicon oxide in the manufacture of microchips.

Classroom Questions

1. Classify the following compounds as basic oxide, acidic, amphoteric, or neutral: Na2O, SO2, ZnO, CO. 2. Explain why carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered an acidic oxide and describe a reaction that illustrates this characteristic. 3. Give an example of an amphoteric oxide and explain how it can react with both acids and bases.

Questions Discussion

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by the students, ensuring that they fully understand the classifications and properties of oxides. Through guided discussion of the answers and active student engagement, this phase aims to clarify doubts and reinforce the practical application of the studied concepts, promoting deeper and more meaningful learning.

Discussion

• 📘 Discussion of Questions:

• 1. Classification of Compounds: Na2O (Sodium Oxide): This is a basic oxide because it forms sodium hydroxide (NaOH) when it reacts with water. SO2 (Sulfur Dioxide): This is an acidic oxide because it forms sulfurous acid (H2SO3) when it reacts with water. ZnO (Zinc Oxide): This is an amphoteric oxide because it can react with both acids and bases, forming respectively salt and water or salt and hydroxide. CO (Carbon Monoxide): This is a neutral oxide because it does not react with water to form acids or bases.
• 2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Classification: CO2 is considered an acidic oxide because when it reacts with water, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3). Illustrative Reaction: CO2 + H2O → H2CO3
• 3. Amphoteric Oxide: Example: ZnO is an example of an amphoteric oxide. Reaction with Acids: ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O (formation of zinc chloride and water). Reaction with Bases: ZnO + 2NaOH + 2H2O → Na2[Zn(OH)4] (formation of sodium tetrahydroxozincate).

Student Engagement

1. 🔍 Student Engagement: 2. 1. What is the difference between an amphoteric oxide and a neutral oxide? 3. 2. Why is it important to understand the properties of oxides in the context of climate change? 4. 3. How can acidic and basic oxides be utilized in industry? Give practical examples. 5. 4. Discuss the environmental implications of using acidic oxides, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), in the atmosphere. 6. 5. Ask students if they can identify other oxides in daily life and discuss their applications.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review the main points covered during the lesson, connect theory with practice, and highlight the relevance of the content to the students' everyday lives. This ensures that students leave the lesson with a clear and applicable understanding of the concepts discussed.

Summary

• Oxides are binary compounds formed by oxygen and another chemical element.
• Classification of oxides into basic oxides, acidic, amphoteric, and neutral.
• Physical and chemical properties of oxides.
• Importance and applications of oxides in industry and everyday life.

The lesson connected theory with practice by providing concrete examples of oxides found in daily life and in industry, such as the use of calcium oxide in civil construction and silicon oxide in the manufacture of microchips. This helped students see the relevance of oxides beyond the academic environment, showing their practical applications and implications in the real world.

The study of oxides is crucial for understanding many industrial and environmental processes. For example, carbon dioxide (CO₂), an acidic oxide, is one of the main contributors to the greenhouse effect and climate change. Additionally, oxides like rust (iron oxide) are visible in daily life and have significant economic impacts. Knowing their properties helps develop solutions to environmental and industrial problems.