Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Introduction to Ancient Egypt: The teacher should provide students with an overview of Ancient Egypt, highlighting its geographical location, the importance of the Nile River for Egyptian civilization, and its chronology.

2. Understanding Social and Political Organization: The teacher should explain the structure of ancient Egyptian society, including the royalty, priests, scribes, artisans, and peasants, and how this structure influenced the politics of Ancient Egypt.

3. Study of Egyptian Religion: The teacher should address the complex Egyptian religion, including the worship of multiple gods and the belief in the afterlife, with a focus on the construction of pyramids and the practice of mummification.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Development of research skills: In addition to providing information to students, the teacher should encourage independent research, guiding them to reliable sources of information about Ancient Egypt.
   • Promotion of class discussion: The teacher should encourage active student participation, promoting class discussions on the topics covered and encouraging them to ask questions and share their opinions.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students of the basic concepts of ancient civilizations studied earlier, such as the importance of rivers in the formation of early civilizations and the general characteristics of a complex society. This review is essential for students to make the necessary connections with the new content that will be presented.

2. Problem Situations:

   • Situation 1: "How do you think life was in a society where most people work in agriculture and depend on a river to survive?" This question serves to activate students' thinking about life in Ancient Egypt, a society that was highly dependent on the Nile River for agriculture and survival.
   • Situation 2: "Can you imagine a society where religion is central in all spheres of life, from politics to the construction of large monuments?" This question aims to arouse students' curiosity about the complex Egyptian religion and how it influenced all aspects of life in Ancient Egypt.

3. Contextualization:

   • Context 1: The teacher can explain how the study of Ancient Egypt is relevant to our understanding of the history and culture of the modern world. For example, many practices and beliefs of Ancient Egypt, such as hieroglyphic writing, the worship of multiple gods, and the belief in the afterlife, continue to influence modern Egyptian culture.
   • Context 2: The teacher can also highlight how the impressive engineering and architecture of Ancient Egypt, such as the construction of pyramids, continue to inspire modern architects and engineers.

4. Introduction to the Topic:

   • Curiosity 1: The teacher can share with students that despite being one of the oldest civilizations, Ancient Egypt is still one of the most fascinating mysteries in history. For example, the way the ancient Egyptians were able to build the pyramids continues to intrigue archaeologists and engineers to this day.
   • Curiosity 2: Another interesting fact is that hieroglyphic writing, used by the ancient Egyptians, was one of the world's first writing systems, and many of its secrets were only recently deciphered with the help of the Rosetta Stone.

The purpose of this Introduction is to spark students' interest in Ancient Egypt, showing the relevance and fascination of this period in history. In addition, the problem situations and curiosities serve to engage students, encouraging them to actively participate in the lesson.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Ancient Egyptian Society (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Concept: The teacher should explain to students that Egyptian society was divided into various groups, from royalty to peasants. It should be emphasized that a person's position in society was determined by birth and that social mobility was extremely limited.
   • Social Structure: The teacher should explain the social structure of Ancient Egypt, highlighting the importance of the pharaoh, who was considered a living god, the priests, who were responsible for maintaining the temples and conducting religious rituals, the scribes, who were responsible for writing and administration, the artisans, who were specialized in different crafts, and the peasants, who were the majority of the population and worked in agriculture.
   • Role of Women: The teacher should also address the role of women in Egyptian society, explaining that although women did not have the same rights as men, they could own property, manage businesses, and even become queens.

2. Ancient Egyptian Politics (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Concept: The teacher should explain that Egypt was ruled by a pharaoh, who had absolute powers and was considered a living god. It should be emphasized that the pharaoh did not rule alone, but relied on a series of advisors and officials, including priests and scribes.
   • Administration: The teacher should explain how the administration of Ancient Egypt was organized, highlighting the role of nomes, which were autonomous provinces with their own governors, and the importance of the writing system and the role of scribes in the administration of the kingdom.

3. Egyptian Religion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Concept: The teacher should present Egyptian religion, explaining that the ancient Egyptians believed in a wide variety of gods and goddesses, and that religion was central in all aspects of life, from politics to daily life.
   • Beliefs and Rituals: The teacher should explain some of the most important beliefs and rituals of Egyptian religion, such as the belief in the afterlife and the practice of mummification. It should also address the construction of pyramids and temples, which were large religious and political undertakings.

During the development of the lesson, the teacher should use a variety of teaching resources to make the content more accessible and interesting for students. This includes the use of images, videos, maps, and diagrams, as well as the performance of practical activities, such as building a model pyramid or decoding hieroglyphs. In addition, the teacher should encourage active student participation, promoting class discussions and answering questions.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Reflection on the Lesson (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Verification Questions: The teacher should ask questions to verify students' understanding of the topics discussed. This may include questions about the structure of Egyptian society, the role of the pharaoh in Egyptian politics, and the main beliefs and rituals of Egyptian religion.
   • Connections to the Real World: The teacher should encourage students to make connections between what they learned in the lesson and the real world. This may include discussing how ancient Egyptian society compares to modern society, or how the beliefs and religious practices of the ancient Egyptians still influence Egyptian culture and society today.
   • Group Discussion: The teacher can divide the class into small groups and ask them to discuss what they consider to be the most important aspects of Ancient Egypt and why. Each group can then share their conclusions with the class.

2. Learning Verification (3 - 5 minutes)

   • Application Activity: The teacher can propose a practical activity for students to apply what they have learned. For example, students may be challenged to write a short essay describing life in one of the social classes of Ancient Egypt, or to create a poster explaining the main beliefs of Egyptian religion.
   • Feedback and Clarification of Doubts: The teacher should provide feedback on students' activities and clarify any remaining doubts.

3. Review of Lesson Objectives (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Lesson Objectives: The teacher should review the lesson objectives and ask students if they feel the objectives have been achieved. Students can then share their opinions and the teacher can offer additional feedback, if necessary.
   • Next Steps: Finally, the teacher should explain what will be learned in the next lessons and how it connects to what was learned today. This helps give students a clear idea of how the content fits into the broader context of the course.

During the Return, the teacher should emphasize the importance of what was learned and how it applies to the real world. This helps motivate students to continue learning and see the relevance of the content to their own lives. Additionally, the teacher should be attentive to any areas where students may have difficulties and provide additional support, if necessary.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by briefly recalling the main points discussed during the lesson. This includes the structure of ancient Egyptian society, political organization, complex religion, and the importance of the Nile River for the lives of ancient Egyptians.
   • It is important for the teacher to provide a concise but comprehensive summary to ensure that students have retained the most important information.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. For example, the study of the social and political structure of Ancient Egypt allowed students to understand how ancient Egyptian society functioned in practice, while the discussion on Egyptian religion and the construction of pyramids showed how these concepts were applied in real life.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute)

   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of Ancient Egypt. This may include books, documentaries, educational websites, and visits to museums or exhibitions related to the theme.
   • For example, the teacher may suggest the book "The Ancient Egypt" by Ian Shaw, the documentary "Ancient Egypt: A History of Separation," and the Louvre Museum website, which has a section dedicated to Ancient Egypt.

4. Relevance of the Content (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should summarize the importance of the content presented for students' daily lives. This may include the influence of Egyptian civilization on modern culture and society, the importance of the Nile River for agriculture and survival, and the relevance of Egyptian religion for politics and daily life.
   • The teacher can also highlight the skills and competencies developed during the lesson, such as the ability to analyze and interpret historical information, research skills, and the ability to participate in class discussions.

The Conclusion of the lesson is an opportunity for the teacher to summarize the main points, clarify any remaining doubts, and reinforce the importance of the content learned. Additionally, by suggesting extra materials and highlighting the relevance of the content, the teacher helps promote continuous learning and student autonomy.