Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of modernity and how it applies to philosophy, society, and culture.

   • Students should be able to define the term 'modernity' and briefly explain how philosophy, society, and culture have transformed during this period.

2. Identify the main characteristics of modernity and how they have manifested in different aspects of life.

   • Students should be able to list and describe the most important characteristics of modernity, such as rationalism, scientific and technological progress, individuality, and secularization.

3. Critically analyze how modernity influences our current worldview.

   • Students should be able to reflect on how modernity continues to shape our society and perceptions, and discuss its positive and negative implications.

Secondary Objectives:

• Promote critical thinking skills by evaluating the social and cultural changes that occurred during the modern period.
• Stimulate classroom discussion, encouraging students to express their opinions and ideas about the impact of modernity on our daily lives.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the concepts of philosophy, society, and culture, which are fundamental to understanding the topic of modernity. It is important to recall how philosophy, society, and culture develop and influence each other over time.

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios: Present two situations that will stimulate students' thinking and prepare them for the content to be covered:

   • Scenario 1: Show images of a medieval city and a contemporary city. Ask students what they notice as different between the two and how this may be related to the concept of modernity.

   • Scenario 2: Present the following dilemma: 'If you had to choose between living in a modern society, with all its conveniences and technologies, but with less time for outdoor activities, or in a pre-modern society, with fewer comforts but more time for nature and community, which would you choose and why?'

3. Contextualization: Explain to students that the concept of modernity is crucial for understanding the history and evolution of human societies. Furthermore, modernity also has a direct impact on our daily lives, shaping our attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs.

4. Engage Students' Attention: To spark students' interest in the topic, the teacher can:

   • Curiosity 1: Tell the story of how Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the movable-type printing press in the 15th century was a significant milestone for modernity, allowing the dissemination of knowledge in an unprecedented way.

   • Curiosity 2: Discuss how the Industrial Revolution, which marked the beginning of the modern era, radically transformed people's lives, changing how they worked, lived, and thought.

   • Fun Activity: Propose a guessing game, where the teacher describes an invention or historical event related to modernity and students have to guess what it is. For example, 'This 19th-century invention revolutionized how we communicate, allowing written messages to be quickly sent to people far away. What is it?' (the answer is the telegraph).

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 1: Modernity Timeline (10 - 15 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should divide the class into groups of 5 to 6 students and provide each group with a large sheet of paper, colored markers, and sticky notes.

   • Execution: Each group should create a timeline of modernity, starting with the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century and ending in the present. They should include important milestones such as historical events, inventions, scientific discoveries, cultural movements, etc. Students can use the sticky notes to write the information and stick them on the timeline. Colored markers can be used to highlight different aspects of modernity.

   • Group Discussion: After creating the timelines, each group should present theirs to the class. The teacher should encourage discussion about the events and trends that students identified as important for modernity.

   • Theory Connection: The teacher should reinforce how the events and trends listed by students reflect the characteristics of modernity discussed in the Introduction of the lesson.

2. Activity 2: The Impact of Modernity in Daily Life (10 - 15 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should prepare a list of everyday situations that have been influenced by modernity, such as the use of technology, changes in family and work, the pursuit of equal rights, etc.

   • Execution: Each group of students should choose one of these situations and discuss how it has been affected by modernity. They should consider aspects such as the role of technology, changes in attitudes and behaviors, conflicts and challenges, advantages and disadvantages, etc.

   • Presentation: Each group should present their findings to the class. The teacher should facilitate the discussion by asking questions to deepen the analysis of students and stimulate critical thinking.

   • Theory Connection: The teacher should emphasize how these everyday situations illustrate the practical implications of modernity and how they reflect the concept of modernity discussed in the lesson.

3. Activity 3: Debate on Modernity (5 - 10 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should prepare a list of statements about modernity, some positive and some negative. For example: 'Modernity has brought progress and freedom to humanity' (positive) or 'Modernity has caused environmental destruction and social alienation' (negative).

   • Execution: Each group should choose one of the statements and prepare arguments to support or refute it. They should consider examples from history, society, and culture to illustrate their points of view.

   • Debate: The groups should present their arguments in a debate moderated by the teacher. The teacher should encourage the participation of all students and ensure that the debate is respectful and constructive.

   • Theory Connection: The teacher should summarize the main points of the debate, reinforcing how the arguments presented reflect the influence of modernity on our lives and our worldview.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should prepare a list of questions to guide the discussion. The questions should cover all aspects of the lesson, from the definition of modernity to the practical implications and criticisms of the concept.

   • Execution: The teacher should gather all students in a large discussion circle. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to share the conclusions or solutions they found during the group activities.

   • Theory Connection: The teacher should make connections between the students' answers and the theoretical concepts discussed in the lesson, reinforcing the understanding of the topic and clarifying any misunderstandings.

2. Individual Reflection (3 - 5 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. To do this, the teacher should ask questions that encourage students to reflect on the content covered, such as: 'What was the most important concept you learned today?' and 'What questions have not been answered yet?'.

   • Execution: The teacher should give students a minute to think about the questions. Then, students can share their answers with the class or write them on a piece of paper to hand to the teacher.

   • Theory Connection: The teacher should emphasize the importance of individual reflection for the learning process and how it helps students consolidate the knowledge acquired.

3. Teacher Feedback (2 - 3 minutes):

   • Preparation: The teacher should review the students' answers and identify any patterns or gaps in understanding. The teacher should also note any questions that may need further clarification in future lessons.

   • Execution: The teacher should provide feedback to students, highlighting strengths and suggesting areas for improvement. The teacher should also answer any questions that have not been addressed yet and clarify any misunderstandings that may have arisen.

   • Theory Connection: The teacher should explain how teacher feedback helps students improve their understanding of the topic and develop their critical thinking skills.

At the end of the Return, students should have a clear understanding of the concept of modernity and how it manifests in different aspects of life. They should also be able to critically evaluate the implications of modernity and express their opinions in an articulate and well-founded manner.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should summarize the main points covered during the lesson, recalling the concept of modernity, its main characteristics, and how they manifest in our society and culture. Additionally, the teacher should reinforce the key ideas that emerged during the group activities and the debate, highlighting the different viewpoints of students and the conclusions they reached.

2. Theory-Practice Connection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should explain how the practical activities carried out during the lesson helped students better understand the concept of modernity and apply it to real-world situations. For example, the timeline activity allowed students to visualize the evolution of modernity over time, while the debate activity allowed them to critically analyze the implications of modernity in our lives.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should suggest some additional reading materials or videos related to the theme of modernity, so that students can deepen their understanding of the topic. For example, the teacher may recommend articles from academic journals, historical documentaries, museum websites, etc.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the concept of modernity for understanding the current world. The teacher can highlight how modernity continues to influence our society, culture, and perceptions, and how understanding this concept can help us better understand the world we live in.

At the end of the lesson, students should have a solid understanding of the concept of modernity and how it applies to philosophy, society, and culture. They should also be able to critically evaluate the implications of modernity and express their opinions in an articulate and well-founded manner. Furthermore, students should have a deeper appreciation of the relevance and importance of philosophy for understanding the world.