Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the importance of water for the human body: Students should understand that water is essential for human life and for the proper functioning of all body systems. They should be able to identify which specific systems and processes depend on water to function correctly.

2. Understand the process of water absorption and distribution in the body: Students should be able to explain how water is absorbed and distributed throughout the body, identifying the organs and tissues involved in this process.

3. Identify the symptoms of dehydration and its possible consequences: Students should be able to recognize the signs of dehydration and understand the implications that the lack of water can have on health and overall well-being.

Secondary Objectives:

• Promote awareness of water consumption: In addition to learning about the importance of water for the human body, students should be encouraged to reflect on their own water consumption habits.

• Develop research and presentation skills: During the lesson preparation, students will be guided to research the topic and prepare a brief presentation to share their findings with the class. This will help develop their research and presentation skills.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of previous content (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about the human body systems, with a special focus on the circulatory, digestive, and excretory systems. This review will provide the necessary foundation for understanding the role of water in the human body.

2. Problem situation (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should present two problem situations to arouse students' interest:

   • "Why do we feel thirsty when our body is dehydrated? What happens to our body when we don't drink enough water?"
   • "Why do doctors always tell us to drink plenty of water when we are sick? How does water help our body heal?"

3. Contextualization (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should contextualize the importance of the topic, explaining that water is essential for various processes in our body, from digesting food to eliminating toxins. Additionally, the relevance of water consumption for disease prevention and health promotion can be mentioned.

4. Introduction to the topic (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should introduce the topic in an engaging way, sharing interesting facts and curiosities about water and the human body. Some suggestions are:

   • "Did you know that the human body is composed of about 60% water? This means that in a person weighing 70 kg, approximately 42 liters are water!"
   • "Another curiosity: our brain is composed of about 75% water. This means that when we don't drink enough water, we can have difficulties with concentration and memory."

This Introduction aims to arouse students' curiosity and mentally prepare them for the content that will be presented.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 'The Path of Water' (10 - 12 minutes):

   • Description: In this activity, students will simulate the path of water through the human body, from its entry through the mouth to its elimination by the kidneys. They will use different materials to represent the organs and tissues involved in this process.
   • Materials needed: Transparent plastic bottles (to represent the body), balloons (to represent the stomach and bladder), sponges (to represent the organs that absorb water), food coloring (to represent water), straws (to represent the esophagus), and rubber bands (to attach the balloons to the bottles).
   • Procedure:
     1. Divide the students into groups of 4 or 5.
     2. Explain the activity and distribute the materials to each group.
     3. Each group should fill their bottle with water (representing the human body) and add food coloring (representing water).
     4. Then, they should place a sponge (representing the organs that absorb water) in the bottle's mouth and attach a balloon (representing the stomach) to the bottle with a rubber band.
     5. The students should then blow through the straw (representing the esophagus) to inflate the balloon and observe how the water (represented by the coloring) 'travels' through the sponge and fills the balloon (representing the absorption and distribution of water in the body).
     6. Finally, they should remove the rubber band so that the water (represented by the coloring) 'exits' the body (the bottle) and is eliminated (represented by the bladder and the balloon).
     7. During the activity, students should discuss what they are observing and make connections with what they have learned about the role of water in the human body.

2. Activity 'Dehydration Symptoms' (10 - 12 minutes):

   • Description: In this activity, students will research dehydration symptoms and prepare a brief presentation to share with the class. They should identify the most common symptoms, the possible health consequences, and prevention measures.
   • Procedure:
     1. Divide the students into the same groups as the previous activity.
     2. Explain the activity and guide the students to research dehydration symptoms.
     3. Each group should prepare a brief presentation (3 to 5 minutes) to share their findings with the class.
     4. During the presentations, other students should take notes and prepare questions for the discussion that will take place at the end of the presentations.
     5. After all presentations, facilitate a class discussion, highlighting the main dehydration symptoms, possible health consequences, and prevention measures.

These activities aim to promote students' understanding of the importance of water for the human body and the seriousness of dehydration. Additionally, they help develop research, group work, presentation, and discussion skills.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes):

   • Description: The Return activity begins with a group discussion, where each group will have up to 2 minutes to share the solutions or conclusions found in each activity. It is important for the teacher to ensure that all ideas are heard and respected, encouraging everyone's participation.
   • Procedure:
     1. Each group will have a maximum of 2 minutes to present their conclusions.
     2. The other groups should listen attentively and take notes for the final discussion.
     3. The teacher should encourage groups to ask each other questions and express their opinions.
     4. The teacher should ask targeted questions to ensure that all aspects of the topic have been considered.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes):

   • Description: After the presentations, the teacher should review the theoretical concepts presented in the Introduction and make the necessary connections with the practical activities carried out. The teacher should emphasize how theory applies in practice, reinforcing the importance of water for the functioning of the human body.
   • Procedure:
     1. The teacher should briefly review the theoretical concepts presented in the lesson.
     2. Then, they should connect these concepts with the conclusions from the practical activities.
     3. The teacher should highlight how water is absorbed and distributed throughout the body, and how dehydration can negatively affect these processes.
     4. It should also reinforce the importance of drinking water regularly to keep the body hydrated and healthy.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes):

   • Description: Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. The teacher should ask questions that encourage students to think critically and apply the knowledge gained in other situations.
   • Procedure:
     1. The teacher should propose that students think individually for one minute about the following questions:
        • "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
        • "How can you apply what you learned today in your daily life?"
     2. After one minute, the teacher should ask some students to share their answers with the class.
     3. The teacher should end the lesson by reinforcing the main points discussed and the importance of adequate water consumption for health and well-being.
     4. It should also inform students about the continuation of the subject in the next lesson.

The Return is a crucial stage of the lesson, as it allows the teacher to assess students' understanding of the topic and reinforce the most important concepts. Additionally, it promotes reflection and application of knowledge, helping students consolidate what they have learned.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Review of contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should recap the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing the importance of water for the human body and the role it plays in different systems and processes. It should also remind of the main dehydration symptoms and their possible health consequences.

2. Connection between theory and practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should highlight how the practical activities carried out in the lesson helped illustrate and deepen the theoretical concepts. For example, the activity 'The Path of Water' allowed students to visualize concretely the process of water absorption and distribution in the body, while the research on dehydration symptoms and the presentation helped apply theoretical knowledge in real situations.

3. Extra materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the topic. This may include books, articles, documentaries, and reliable websites. Additionally, students can be encouraged to observe their own body and how it reacts to hydration or dehydration, prompting them to apply what they have learned in a practical and observational way.

4. Application in daily life (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of adequate water consumption for health and well-being, and how this can be applied in students' daily lives. It should be reminded that besides drinking water regularly, it is important to pay attention to the body's signals and drink more water in situations that may cause dehydration, such as during physical exercise or on hot days. Additionally, the need to educate others about the importance of water and the risks of dehydration should be reinforced.

The Conclusion is an essential stage to consolidate students' learning, reinforce the importance of the topic, and prepare them for further study. Additionally, it offers an opportunity for the teacher to assess the success of the lesson and identify areas that may need more attention in future lessons.