Objectives (5 minutes)

1. Understanding of the Lymphatic System: Students should be able to understand the function and structure of the lymphatic system in the human body. This includes identifying the main components of the system, such as lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph.
2. Identification of the Main Organs of the Immune System: Students should be able to identify the main organs of the immune system, which are closely related to the lymphatic system. This includes the spleen, tonsils, adenoids, and Peyer's patches in the intestine.
3. Understanding the Role of the Lymphatic System in Body Defense: Students should be able to understand how the lymphatic system contributes to the body's defense against diseases and infections. This includes understanding the role of lymphocytes and antibodies in immunity.

Secondary Objectives

1. Developing Research and Presentation Skills: Students will be encouraged to research the lymphatic system before class and present their findings to the class to promote active and autonomous learning.
2. Promoting Collaborative Learning: Students will be encouraged to work in small groups during practical activities, promoting cooperation and the exchange of ideas.

The teacher should clearly communicate these Objectives at the beginning of the class so that students know what is expected of them and can focus on achieving them.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the class by briefly reviewing the circulatory and immune systems so that students can better understand how the lymphatic system fits into the human body. The teacher can use diagrams or interactive models to reinforce students' understanding. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios: Next, the teacher can present two problem-solving scenarios to stimulate students' critical thinking and interest in the topic:

   • Scenario 1: 'Imagine you have a cold and your lymph nodes are swollen. Why does this happen and what does it mean for your body's health?'
   • Scenario 2: 'If the lymphatic system is so important for body defense, why is it sometimes necessary to remove lymph nodes, such as in cancer treatment?' (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization and Topic Importance: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the lymphatic system, explaining how it plays a crucial role in the body's defense against diseases and infections. The teacher can mention real examples of diseases or conditions that affect the lymphatic system, such as lymphoma or lymphedema, to show students the relevance of the topic. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Attention Gain: To conclude the Introduction and capture students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities about the lymphatic system:

   • Curiosity 1: 'Did you know that the lymphatic system is the second largest fluid transport system in the body, after the circulatory system?'
   • Curiosity 2: 'Although the lymphatic system is essential for our health, it does not have a central organ, like the heart in the circulatory system. Instead, it relies on body movement and blood vessel pressure to circulate lymph.' (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Practical Activity: Building a Lymphatic System Model (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Materials Needed: The teacher should provide the following materials for each group of students: a large sheet of white paper, colored pens, colored pencils, scissors, glue, and cotton balls.

   • Instructions: Students should work in groups of 4 to 5 people. They should draw and color a model of the lymphatic system on the paper, including the main components such as lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and organs of the immune system. Then, they should cut small cotton balls to represent lymphocytes and glue them around the model to show how they circulate through the system. Students should be encouraged to discuss and justify their design choices during the activity.

   • Activity Objectives: This activity aims to consolidate students' understanding of the structure and function of the lymphatic system, as well as promote collaboration and communication among group members.

2. Discussion Activity: Case Studies on Lymphatic System Diseases (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Instructions: The teacher should provide each group with a case study of a disease that affects the lymphatic system, such as lymphoma or lymphedema. Students should discuss in their groups what they think is happening in the person's body in the case study, and how the lymphatic system is involved. They should also think about possible treatment options and how these options could affect the lymphatic system.

   • Activity Objectives: This activity aims to develop students' ability to apply their knowledge of the lymphatic system in a real context, improving their understanding of the topic and their problem-solving skills.

3. Research and Presentation Activity: Discovering More about the Lymphatic System (5 - 10 minutes)

   • Instructions: Each group of students should research a specific aspect of the lymphatic system that they find interesting, such as the functioning of lymphocytes or the relationship between the lymphatic system and the immune system. They should then prepare a brief presentation to share their findings with the class.

   • Activity Objectives: This activity aims to deepen students' understanding of the lymphatic system, encouraging them to explore topics of their own interest and share their findings with peers. Additionally, it promotes the development of research and presentation skills, which are important for autonomous learning and for students' academic and professional lives.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion. Each group should have the opportunity to share their solutions or conclusions from the activities carried out during the Development phase.
   • The teacher should encourage students to ask each other questions and provide constructive feedback. This not only helps consolidate learning but also promotes students' communication skills and active listening.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should ensure that all important aspects of the lymphatic system have been addressed and clarify any misunderstandings that may have arisen.

2. Connection with Theory (3 - 5 minutes)

   • After the discussion, the teacher should briefly review the theoretical concepts that were applied during the practical activities.
   • The teacher should highlight how the activities helped reinforce knowledge about the lymphatic system, and how they demonstrated the importance and complexity of the system.
   • This step is crucial to ensure that students understand the relevance of what they have learned and how they can apply this knowledge in future situations.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should then suggest that students take a moment to reflect on what they learned during the class.
   • They should think about the following questions:
     1. 'What was the most important concept you learned today?'
     2. 'What questions have not been answered yet?'
   • Students should be encouraged to write down their answers, as this can help them consolidate their learning and identify areas that may need further study or clarification.

4. Feedback and Closure (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should ask students to provide feedback on the class, what they found helpful, and what could be improved.
   • The teacher should thank students for their participation and effort, and reinforce the importance of the lymphatic system for health and overall well-being.
   • The teacher should also guide students on which topics they should focus on in their future studies, and what additional resources or materials may help them deepen their understanding of the lymphatic system.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Recap of Main Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by recalling the main points discussed during the class. This includes the structure and function of the lymphatic system, the main diseases that affect it, and how it contributes to the body's defense against diseases and infections. The teacher can check students' understanding by asking them to recount the key concepts in their own words.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain how the class connected theory with practice. This can be done by highlighting how practical activities, such as building the lymphatic system model and discussing case studies, helped students apply and consolidate their theoretical knowledge. Additionally, the teacher should reinforce the relevance of the topic to everyday life, highlighting how an understanding of the lymphatic system can help people better understand disease prevention and treatment.

3. Suggestion of Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some additional materials that students can use to deepen their understanding of the lymphatic system. This may include reference books, educational videos online, science websites, and academic articles. The teacher can also recommend some extra activities, such as interactive games or online quizzes, so that students can test their knowledge and skills.

4. Importance of the Subject in Daily Life (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the lymphatic system in daily life. For example, it can be mentioned that a healthy lymphatic system is essential for maintaining an effective immune system that protects us from diseases and infections. Additionally, the teacher can emphasize that a basic knowledge of the lymphatic system can help people make informed decisions about their health and well-being.