Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the use of conjunctions in English sentences: Students should be able to identify the proper use of conjunctions in English sentences, understanding how they connect words, phrases, and clauses.

2. Practice using conjunctions in sentences and texts: Through practical exercises, students should apply the knowledge acquired about the use of conjunctions in English, constructing sentences and short texts.

3. Enhance reading and interpretation skills in English: By analyzing the use of conjunctions in texts, students should improve their reading and interpretation skills in the language.

Secondary objectives:

• Stimulate active participation of students in group activities: Encourage collaboration among students to solve practical exercises, promoting the exchange of ideas and debate.

• Foster self-study and continuous practice: Provide students with complementary study materials and suggest activities to be carried out outside the school environment, encouraging self-study and continuous practice of the language.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about the parts of speech in English, with a special focus on nouns, verbs, and adjectives, as these are the words that conjunctions connect. Additionally, it is important to review sentence structures in English so that students can understand how conjunctions fit in.

2. Problem situations: The teacher can propose two situations to spark students' interest. The first could be reading a text without conjunctions, showing how it becomes confusing and difficult to understand. The second could be presenting a text with many conjunctions to highlight the effect of fluency and clarity they can bring.

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of conjunctions in the English language, showing that they are essential for constructing complex sentences, well-connected ideas, and cohesive text. Additionally, it can be mentioned that the proper use of conjunctions is crucial in formal situations, such as in academic or professional writing.

4. Introduction to the topic: To spark students' interest, the teacher can present curiosities about conjunctions in English. For example, they can explain that the word 'and' is often used incorrectly by non-native English speakers, who use it to connect two independent clauses when they should actually use 'and' only to connect words, phrases, or clauses of the same type.

5. Lesson objectives: Finally, the teacher should present the learning objectives of the lesson, making it clear what they expect students to be able to do by the end of the lesson.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Conjunctions Game: The teacher should prepare a set of cards in advance, each containing a word (noun, verb, or adjective) and a conjunction. Students, divided into groups of three or four, should receive a set of cards, and the goal is to form English sentences with the cards they have. For example, if a card contains 'dog' and 'but', the formed sentence would be 'The dog is small, but it is friendly.' The teacher should walk around the room, assisting the groups, correcting possible errors, and clarifying doubts. This game aims to have students practice using conjunctions in a playful and interactive way, while working on constructing English sentences.

   • Estimated time: 10 - 12 minutes

2. Text Composition Activity: Next, students, still divided into groups, should receive a short text in English where some conjunctions have been removed. The goal is for them to identify where the conjunctions were removed and replace them, respecting the logic and cohesion of the text. The teacher should provide a corrected model text for students to compare their answers. This activity aims to have students practice interpreting texts in English and using conjunctions correctly.

   • Estimated time: 10 - 12 minutes

3. Group Discussion: To conclude the Development stage, the teacher should promote a group discussion where each team presents the sentence or text they produced and explains the reasons for choosing the conjunctions. This allows students to share their thought processes, learn from others, and improve their oral communication skills in English.

   • Estimated time: 5 - 7 minutes

Feedback (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: The teacher should promote a group discussion where each team presents the sentence or text they produced and explains the reasons for choosing the conjunctions. This allows students to share their thought processes, learn from others, and improve their oral communication skills in English.

2. Individual Reflection: After the discussion, students should have time to reflect individually on what they have learned. The teacher can ask questions like:

   • What was the most important concept learned today?
   • What questions have not been answered yet?
   • How can you apply what you learned today in real situations?

3. Collective Feedback: The teacher should request feedback from students about the lesson, asking what they liked, what they found challenging, and what they would like to learn more about. This allows the teacher to adjust the planning of future lessons according to the needs and interests of the students.

4. Connection with Theory: Finally, the teacher should make a connection between the practical activities carried out and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. For example, it can be highlighted how the Conjunctions Game activity helped students understand the use of conjunctions to connect words and phrases, while the Text Composition Activity helped them understand the use of conjunctions to create cohesive and clear texts.

   • Estimated time: 5 - 7 minutes

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Summary: The teacher should reiterate the main points of the lesson, recapitulating the use of conjunctions in English sentences and texts. It is important for students to understand the function of conjunctions and how they contribute to the cohesion and clarity of the text. The teacher can use examples from the practical activities carried out to reinforce the concepts.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications: The teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. For example, the teacher can explain how the group discussion helped students apply theory in practice, while the text composition activities and the conjunctions game allowed them to practice using conjunctions in a fun and interactive way.

3. Additional Materials: The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of using conjunctions in English. This may include language learning websites, grammar books, explanatory videos, and online exercises. The teacher can also encourage students to practice using conjunctions in their writing and to notice the use of conjunctions in texts they read.

4. Topic Importance: Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the topic covered for everyday life. The proper use of conjunctions is essential for the clarity and coherence of written communication, whether in emails, reports, academic articles, among others. Additionally, the ability to identify and correctly use conjunctions in English is essential for success in English proficiency exams, such as the TOEFL and IELTS.

   • Estimated time: 2 - 3 minutes