Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the concept of electric potential energy: The teacher must ensure that students understand what electric potential energy is and how it is calculated. This involves understanding basic concepts such as electric charge, electric potential, and work.

2. Application of the electric potential energy formula: Students should be able to apply the electric potential energy formula (Ep = k * q1 * q2 / r) to solve problems involving electric potential energy.

3. Solving practical problems: Students should be able to solve practical problems involving electric potential energy. This includes the ability to identify relevant variables in a problem and use the formula correctly to obtain the solution.

Secondary Objectives:

• Development of critical thinking: When solving problems involving electric potential energy, students should also be able to develop their critical thinking skills, including the ability to analyze a problem, think logically, and arrive at a solution.

• Application of knowledge in everyday situations: The teacher should encourage students to apply the knowledge acquired about electric potential energy in everyday situations. For example, they may be asked to consider how electric potential energy is used in electronic devices that use batteries or outlets.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Concepts: The teacher should start by reviewing the concepts of electric charge and electric potential, as these are fundamental to understanding the topic of electric potential energy. It may be helpful to ask students questions to verify if they remember these concepts and clarify any doubts they may have.

2. Initial Problem Situations: The teacher can present two problem situations involving electric potential energy. For example, they can ask students why a ping-pong ball attracts a balloon when rubbed on a wool sweater, or why paper sheets stick to plastic when rubbed. These problematic situations are designed to intrigue students and spark their interest in the topic.

3. Subject Contextualization: The teacher should explain to students the importance of electric potential energy, highlighting how it is used in many electrical devices we use in our daily lives, such as light bulbs, computers, and cell phones. It can also be mentioned how electric potential energy is used in medicine, industry, and other areas of everyday life.

4. Gaining Attention: To capture students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities or interesting applications of electric potential energy. For example, they can mention that electric potential energy is the main form of energy stored in a battery, or that it is the electric force that keeps electrons moving in a conductor wire, allowing the current to flow.

   • Curiosity 1: "Did you know that electric potential energy is what allows us to use the TV remote control without getting up from the couch? The energy is stored in the remote's battery and when we press the button, it is converted into kinetic energy to transmit a signal to the TV set."

   • Curiosity 2: "And what do you think happens when we rub a balloon on our hair? The energy from the movement is transformed into electric potential energy, causing the balloon to stick to the hair due to the attraction between charges of opposite signs."

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory Presentation (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher should present the theory on electric potential energy and how it is calculated. It is important that the explanation is clear and detailed, so that students can fully understand the concept. During the presentation, the teacher can use visual aids, such as diagrams and graphs, to help illustrate the concepts.

   1. Definition of Electric Potential Energy: The teacher should explain that electric potential energy is the energy that an electric charge possesses due to its position in an electric field. It is measured in joules (J).

   2. Electric Potential Energy Formula: The teacher should present the electric potential energy formula: Ep = k * q1 * q2 / r, where Ep is the electric potential energy, k is the electrostatic constant of the medium, q1 and q2 are the electric charges involved, and r is the distance between the charges.

   3. Interpretation of the Formula: The teacher should explain the meaning of each term in the formula and how they affect electric potential energy. For example, if the two charges have the same sign, the electric potential energy is positive, indicating repulsion. If the charges have opposite signs, the electric potential energy is negative, indicating attraction.

2. Examples Resolution (10 - 13 minutes): After the theory presentation, the teacher should solve some examples step by step, so that students can see how the formula is applied in practice. The examples should vary in difficulty, starting with simpler problems and progressing to more complex ones. The teacher should explain each step of the resolution process, ensuring that students fully understand.

   1. Example 1: Calculate the electric potential energy between two charges of 2C separated by a distance of 3m, in a vacuum. (The teacher should solve this problem step by step, explaining each step.)

   2. Example 2: Calculate the electric potential energy between a proton and an electron in a vacuum. (The teacher should solve this problem step by step, explaining each step.)

3. Solving Practical Problems (5 - 10 minutes): After solving the examples, the teacher should propose some practical problems for students to solve individually or in groups. These problems should be similar to the solved examples, but with slight variations to test students' understanding. The teacher should circulate around the classroom, providing assistance as needed.

   1. Problem 1: Calculate the electric potential energy between two charges of 5C separated by a distance of 2m, in a vacuum.

   2. Problem 2: Calculate the electric potential energy between a proton and an electron in a medium with a dielectric constant of 2.

At the end of this stage, students should have a solid understanding of the concept of electric potential energy and be able to apply the formula to solve problems. The teacher should encourage students to ask questions and clarify any doubts they may have.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should promote a group discussion where each team will present their solutions to the problems proposed during the Development stage. Each team will have a time limit of 2 minutes to present their solutions. During the presentations, the teacher should encourage students to explain the reasoning behind their answers, rather than just providing the correct answer. This will help reinforce students' understanding of the concept of electric potential energy.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher should make the connection between the solutions presented and the theory discussed in class. They should explain how the electric potential energy formula was applied to solve the problems and how each variable in the formula affects electric potential energy. The teacher should also clarify any concepts that may still be confusing to students, answering questions and providing additional examples if necessary.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Based on the group discussion and the teacher's explanation, students should have time to reflect individually on what they learned in class. The teacher can ask questions to guide the reflection, such as:

   1. "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
   2. "What questions have not been answered for you yet?"
   3. "How can you apply what you learned today in everyday situations?"

The goal of this stage is to allow students to consolidate what they have learned and identify any areas they still do not fully understand. This can help the teacher plan future lessons to address these areas of difficulty.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute): To end the class, the teacher should ask students to provide brief feedback on the lesson, asking what they liked and what they found challenging. The teacher should thank the students for their participation and effort, and reinforce the importance of the topic for everyday life.

At the end of this stage, students should have a solid understanding of the concept of electric potential energy and be able to apply it to solve problems. The teacher should have a clear idea of which concepts were well understood and which may need reinforcement in future classes.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main points covered in the lesson. They should reaffirm the definition of electric potential energy, the formula to calculate it (Ep = k * q1 * q2 / r), and how it is applied in problem solving. The teacher can use a slide presentation or a blackboard to list and highlight these points.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory of electric potential energy with practice. They can highlight how the examples and problems solved demonstrated the application of the formula and how theoretical concepts were used to solve real problems. The teacher should emphasize that understanding the theory is essential for effectively solving practical problems.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the topic. This may include textbooks, online videos, scientific education websites, and interactive learning apps. The teacher can share these resources on the school's online platform or send them via email to students.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute): To conclude, the teacher should emphasize the relevance of the topic of electric potential energy to everyday life. They can explain that electricity, which is governed by electric potential energy, is essential for the operation of almost all modern devices, from light bulbs and appliances to cell phones and computers. The teacher can also mention that understanding electric potential energy can help students better understand everyday phenomena, such as how a battery works or why hair stands on end on dry days.

At the end of the Conclusion, students should have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the topic of electric potential energy. They should be able to apply the formula to solve problems and recognize the importance and relevance of the topic to everyday life.