Objectives (5 minutes)

1. Understanding the Concept of Magnetic Flux: The teacher must ensure that students understand what magnetic flux is, how it is calculated, and what its units of measurement are.

2. Application of the Concept of Magnetic Flux in Practical Exercises: Students should be able to apply the concept of magnetic flux in practical situations, solving exercises that involve calculating magnetic flux.

3. Relationship between Magnetic Flux and Faraday's Law: The teacher must establish the relationship between magnetic flux and Faraday's Law, demonstrating how the variation of magnetic flux through a conducting loop induces an electric current.

Secondary Objectives:

• Development of Critical Thinking: Through solving exercises and discussing the concept of magnetic flux, students should develop critical and analytical thinking skills.

• Encouragement of Active Participation: The teacher should encourage active participation from students, promoting discussions and clarifying doubts throughout the class.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Concepts: The teacher should start the class by reviewing concepts that are fundamental for understanding the topic, such as the concept of magnetic field, the definition of tesla, and the unit of area. These concepts are essential for students to comprehend the concept of magnetic flux. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations: The teacher can present two problem situations to arouse students' curiosity and introduce the topic of the class. For example, the first situation could be: "How do the magnets in a speaker make the cone move back and forth, producing sound?" The second situation could be: "How do electric power generators, present in hydroelectric and thermal power plants, generate electricity from the movement of their metallic parts?" (5 - 7 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the Subject's Importance: The teacher should explain to students the importance of magnetism and magnetic flux in various areas of technology and science. Examples such as the generation of electric power, the production of sound in speakers and headphones, and the use in electric motors can be mentioned. It is important for students to realize how the concepts learned in the classroom are present in their daily lives. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the class, explaining that magnetic flux is a quantity that measures the amount of magnetic field passing through a surface. It can be mentioned that magnetic flux is represented by the Greek letter phi (Φ) and that the unit of magnetic flux is the weber (Wb). (1 - 2 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory of Magnetic Flux (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher should start by explaining that magnetic flux (Φ) is a quantity that measures the amount of magnetic field (B) passing through a surface (A) perpendicularly.
   • It should be clarified that magnetic flux is given by the product of the magnetic field by the area perpendicular to it: Φ = B.A.cos(θ).
   • The teacher should explain that the angle (θ) is the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the normal to the surface. If the magnetic field is parallel to the surface, the angle will be zero and the magnetic flux will be maximum. If the field is perpendicular to the surface, the angle will be 90º and the magnetic flux will be zero.

2. Practical Examples (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher should present practical examples to illustrate the concept of magnetic flux. For example, they can show how to calculate the magnetic flux through a circular loop, a solenoid, or a magnetic bar.
   • In each example, it should be explained how to determine the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the surface, and how to use the magnetic flux formula to calculate the value of the flux.

3. Faraday's Law (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher should explain that the variation of magnetic flux through a conducting loop induces an electric current in that loop, according to Faraday's Law.
   • It should be clarified that the induced current will be greater the faster the rate of change of the magnetic flux, and that the direction of the current will be such that it produces a magnetic field that opposes the change in the magnetic field that induced it (Lenz's Law).
   • The teacher should present practical examples to illustrate Faraday's Law. For example, they can show how the variation of magnetic flux through a conducting loop can be used to light a bulb or to generate an electric current in a wire.

4. Practice Exercises (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher should propose some practice exercises for students to apply the concepts learned. The exercises should involve calculating magnetic flux and applying Faraday's Law.
   • Students should solve the exercises individually, and the teacher should be available to clarify doubts. After solving the exercises, the teacher should review them with the class, explaining step by step how to reach the solution.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Concepts Review (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher should lead a group discussion to review the concepts learned during the class. They can start by asking students what they understood about magnetic flux and Faraday's Law, and any other doubts they may still have.
   • It should be reinforced the importance of understanding the concept of magnetic flux well, as it is crucial to comprehend Faraday's Law and many other magnetic phenomena.
   • The teacher can also ask students to explain, in their own words, what magnetic flux is and how it is calculated. This helps to verify if students truly understood the concept.

2. Connection with the Real World (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should explain to students how the concept of magnetic flux is applied in the real world. Examples such as the generation of electric power in plants, the operation of speakers and headphones, and the use in electric motors can be mentioned.
   • It should be emphasized that knowledge about magnetic flux is not only theoretical but has very important practical applications.

3. Reflection on Learning (3 - 5 minutes):

   • The teacher should promote a reflection on what students learned in the class. They can ask students to think for a minute and then share their answers to the following questions:
     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. What questions have not been answered yet?
   • Students' answers can help the teacher identify which points were best understood and which questions still need to be clarified in future classes.

4. Feedback on the Class (1 - 2 minutes):

   • Finally, the teacher should ask students for feedback on the class. They can inquire about what students found most interesting, what they found most challenging, and what they would like to learn more about the subject.
   • Students' feedback is very valuable for the teacher, as it helps improve future classes and adapt the content to students' needs and interests.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should summarize the main points covered during the class. It is important for the teacher to reinforce key concepts, such as what magnetic flux is, how it is calculated, the importance of the angle between the magnetic field and the normal to the surface, and the relationship between magnetic flux and Faraday's Law.
   • They should also recap the practical examples presented and the practice exercises solved during the class.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should emphasize how the class connected the theory of magnetic flux with its practical application. Examples such as solving exercises involving the calculation of magnetic flux, and discussing how magnetic flux is used in various everyday technologies, such as electric power generators and speakers, can be mentioned.
   • It should also be mentioned how the class helped develop important problem-solving skills, such as critical and analytical thinking.

3. Additional Study Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. They can recommend books, websites, videos, and online exercises that address the concept of magnetic flux and Faraday's Law.
   • It is important for the teacher to explain to students how these materials can be useful for their learning, and to be available to clarify any doubts that may arise during students' autonomous study.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute):

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the subject covered for students' daily lives. Examples of how magnetism and magnetic flux are present in various technologies we use daily, such as smartphones, computers, household appliances, among others, can be mentioned.
   • It should be emphasized that the knowledge acquired in the class is not only theoretical but has very relevant practical applications and can be useful for students in their future careers or personal lives.