Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases: Students should be able to understand what prepositions and prepositional phrases are, the difference between them, and how they are used in the Spanish language. This includes identifying the most common prepositions and the ability to use them correctly in sentences.

2. Recognition in Context: Students should be able to identify prepositions and prepositional phrases in texts, understanding how they contribute to the overall meaning of the sentence or paragraph. This involves reading practice and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in real communication situations.

3. Practical Application: Students should be able to use prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly in their own written productions, both in writing and speaking. This includes the ability to choose the correct preposition to express a specific relationship and the skill to construct grammatically correct sentences.

Secondary Objectives:

• Associated Vocabulary: During the learning process, students will also acquire a broader vocabulary, as many prepositions in Spanish do not have a direct equivalent in other languages.

• Confidence in Communication: By becoming more proficient in the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases, students will improve their confidence in communicating in Spanish, as they will be able to express ideas and feelings more precisely and complexly.

Introduction (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start by recalling some concepts that are fundamental for understanding the current topic. This may include a quick review of the parts of speech in Spanish, such as nouns and verbs, and how they interact with prepositions. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios: The teacher can present two situations involving the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases. For example, one situation may involve describing a path to a place using prepositions of place and movement. The other situation may involve explaining a relationship between two people using prepositions of possession. (3 - 4 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of prepositions and prepositional phrases in the Spanish language, highlighting how they help establish relationships of time, place, manner, cause, purpose, among others. Additionally, the teacher may mention that the correct use of these structures is crucial for clarity and coherence in communication in Spanish. (1 - 2 minutes)

4. Engaging Students' Attention: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about prepositions and prepositional phrases in Spanish. For example, the fact that some prepositions have multiple meanings and can be used in different ways in different contexts. Another curiosity could be the existence of prepositional phrases that are exclusive to Spanish and have no equivalent in other languages. (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Curiosity 1: "Did you know that the preposition 'a' in Spanish has various uses? It can indicate direction ('Voy a la escuela'), time ('Vamos a las cinco'), manner ('Habla a gritos'), purpose ('Estudiamos a pesar del cansancio'), and even person ('Le hablé a Pedro')."

   • Curiosity 2: "Do you know the prepositional phrase 'al lado de'? In Spanish, it is used to indicate a position next to something or someone, but it can also be used metaphorically to talk about close relationships or companionship. For example, 'Mi casa está al lado de la iglesia' or 'Ella siempre está a mi lado'."

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Playful Activity: 'Walking with Prepositions' (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Objective: This activity aims to help students understand and apply prepositions of place and movement in practical situations.

   • Description: The teacher should divide the class into groups of 4 to 5 students. Each group will receive a large piece of craft paper and some markers. The teacher will then give each group an instruction to draw an imaginary map of a city, including streets, parks, buildings, etc. The fun part is that students must use prepositions of place and movement to describe how to get from one point to another on the map.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher distributes the drawing materials to each group.
     2. The teacher gives the first instruction, for example: "Draw a park in the upper left corner of the map and a school in the lower right corner. Use prepositions of place and movement to describe how to get from the school to the park".
     3. Students discuss among themselves and draw the scene, using the appropriate prepositions.
     4. The teacher gives a new instruction, and the cycle repeats. Instructions should vary in difficulty and complexity to challenge the students.
     5. At the end of the activity, each group will have a unique and creative map, full of prepositions and prepositional phrases.

2. Group Activity: 'Building Sentences' (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Objective: This activity aims to enhance students' ability to use prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly in real communication situations.

   • Description: The teacher should divide the class into groups of 4 to 5 students. Each group will receive a set of word cards containing nouns, verbs, prepositions, and prepositional phrases. The goal is for students to work together to form grammatically correct and meaningful sentences in Spanish.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher distributes the sets of cards to each group.
     2. The teacher explains the rules of the game: students must use all the cards in each sentence, and the sentences must be grammatically correct and make sense.
     3. Students start assembling the sentences, discussing among themselves and helping each other.
     4. The teacher circulates around the room, observing the groups' work and offering feedback and assistance as needed.
     5. At the end of the activity, each group presents their best sentences to the class, and the teacher discusses the grammatical correctness and use of prepositions and prepositional phrases.

3. Group Discussion: 'Prepositions in Real Life' (5 - 6 minutes)

   • Objective: This activity aims to make students reflect on the importance of prepositions in everyday life, as well as in literature, music, and other aspects of Hispanic culture.

   • Description: The teacher should lead a group discussion based on some guiding questions. The questions should include examples of prepositions and prepositional phrases used in everyday contexts, as well as in literary works or songs in Spanish.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher presents the questions and gives a minute for students to think about their answers.
     2. The teacher initiates the discussion, asking for the opinion of different students and encouraging them to share examples of prepositions and prepositional phrases they have noticed in their environment or in their readings/songs.
     3. The teacher concludes the discussion, summarizing the main ideas and reinforcing the importance of using prepositions and prepositional phrases correctly for effective communication in Spanish.

Return (7 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: 'Connecting Theory and Practice' (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Objective: This stage aims to allow students to reflect on the activities carried out and how they relate to the theory discussed at the beginning of the class. Students are encouraged to share their experiences and learnings, promoting collaborative learning.

   • Description: The teacher will lead a group discussion, asking students to reflect on how the activities helped them understand and apply prepositions and prepositional phrases. Students can discuss what the most challenging parts of the activities were and how they managed to overcome them. Additionally, students are encouraged to share examples of how they plan to apply what they learned in their future communications in Spanish.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher initiates the discussion, asking each group to briefly share their solutions or conclusions from the activities.
     2. The teacher asks questions to stimulate the discussion, such as: "How did you decide which prepositions to use in your sentences?" or "What strategies did you use to solve the challenges of the map?"
     3. Students are encouraged to respond to the questions and share their experiences and learnings. The teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to speak and that the discussion is respectful and inclusive.

2. Individual Reflection: 'What I Learned?' (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Objective: This stage aims to allow students to reflect individually on what they learned during the class. Students are encouraged to think about which concepts or skills are most important and how they plan to apply them in the future.

   • Description: The teacher asks students to silently reflect for a minute and then share aloud why they consider they learned the most during the class. Students can think about questions like: "What was the most important concept I learned today?" or "How do I plan to use what I learned in my Spanish studies or in my daily life?".

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher asks students to close their eyes and silently reflect for a minute.
     2. The teacher then asks students to share their reflections aloud. Each student has about 30 seconds to speak.
     3. The teacher listens attentively to the students' reflections and offers feedback and encouragement.

3. Teacher's Feedback: 'Next Steps' (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Objective: This stage aims to offer feedback to students on their performance during the class and guide them on the next steps in their learning.

   • Description: The teacher quickly reviews the main concepts and skills covered in the class, highlighting students' strengths and areas that may need more practice or review. The teacher may also suggest additional learning activities for students to do at home, such as reading a text in Spanish and identifying prepositions and prepositional phrases, or creating their own sentences using prepositions and prepositional phrases.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher provides a quick review of the main concepts and skills of the class.
     2. The teacher highlights students' strengths and areas that may need more practice.
     3. The teacher suggests additional learning activities for students to do at home.
     4. The teacher concludes the class, thanking students for their participation and effort.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary: (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should recap the main points covered during the class, reinforcing the definition of prepositions and prepositional phrases, their functions, and how they are used in the Spanish language.
   • The teacher should also recall the main prepositions and prepositional phrases discussed and the situations in which they are used.
   • Additionally, the teacher should highlight the skills acquired by students, such as the ability to recognize prepositions and prepositional phrases in texts and to use them correctly in their own written productions.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice: (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should emphasize how the practical activities carried out during the class helped students apply theory in practice.
   • The teacher can cite examples from the activities, such as building sentences and describing a map, to demonstrate how students had the opportunity to practice using prepositions and prepositional phrases in real and meaningful contexts.

3. Additional Materials: (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students to deepen their knowledge of prepositions and prepositional phrases.
   • These materials may include language learning websites, such as Duolingo or FluentU, which offer interactive lessons on prepositions and other aspects of Spanish grammar.
   • The teacher may also recommend Spanish grammar books, dictionaries, and writing guides, which often include sections dedicated to prepositions and prepositional phrases.

4. Importance of the Topic in Everyday Life: (1 minute)

   • To conclude the class, the teacher should highlight the relevance of prepositions and prepositional phrases in everyday life, especially for those who wish to communicate effectively in Spanish.
   • The teacher may mention that, in addition to being crucial for grammar and syntax, the correct use of prepositions and prepositional phrases can help convey ideas and feelings more clearly and precisely.
   • Finally, the teacher can encourage students to pay attention to the use of prepositions and prepositional phrases in their conversations and readings in Spanish as a way to continue improving their communication skills.