Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Organic Functions: Nomenclature of Nitro Compounds

Objectives

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this step is to provide students with a clear and objective understanding of what will be learned during the lesson. By outlining the main objectives, the teacher ensures that students know exactly what skills and knowledge are expected of them, facilitating a more focused and efficient learning experience.

Main Objectives

1. Explain the IUPAC nomenclature for nitro compounds.

2. Differentiate the nomenclature of nitro compounds from that of other organic compounds.

Introduction

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this step is to contextualize the students on the lesson's theme, arousing their interest and curiosity about nitro compounds. By establishing the practical and scientific relevance of nitro compounds, the teacher creates a more engaging and meaningful learning environment, preparing students for a detailed understanding of the IUPAC nomenclature that will be addressed next.

Context

Start the class by explaining to the students that organic compounds are the foundation of carbon chemistry and are present in almost every aspect of everyday life. Highlight that among these compounds, nitro compounds have a specific functional group (-NO2) that imparts unique properties to these molecules. Explain that nomenclature is a fundamental part of organic chemistry as it allows precise and universal communication among scientists and professionals in the field.

Curiosities

Tell students that nitro compounds are essential in the manufacture of explosives, such as TNT (trinitrotoluene), and are also used in the production of dyes and medications. Additionally, the nitro group can be found in various natural and synthetic substances, showcasing the versatility and importance of these compounds in industry and science.

Development

Duration: 40 - 50 minutes

The purpose of this step is to provide a detailed and applied understanding of the IUPAC nomenclature for nitro compounds. By addressing specific topics and providing practical examples, the teacher ensures that students can recognize and correctly name nitro compounds, differentiating them from other organic compounds. Solving questions in class reinforces learning and allows for immediate application of the acquired knowledge.

Covered Topics

1. Structure and Functional Group of Nitro Compounds: Explain that nitro compounds have the nitro functional group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom. Detail the molecular structure, emphasizing the nitrogen-oxygen bond and its resonance. 2. IUPAC Nomenclature Rules for Nitro Compounds: Detail step by step the rules for naming nitro compounds according to IUPAC. Start with identifying the main chain, followed by numbering the chain to assign the lowest possible number to the nitro group. Provide examples with different types of chains, including branched chains and multiple nitro groups. 3. Practical Examples of Nomenclature: Provide practical examples of nitro compounds and their respective IUPAC names. Include examples such as nitromethane, 2-nitropropane, and 1,3-dinitrobenzene, highlighting the application of nomenclature rules in each case. 4. Comparison with Other Organic Compounds: Compare the nomenclature of nitro compounds with other functional groups, such as alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Highlight the differences and similarities in nomenclature rules, reinforcing students' understanding.

Classroom Questions

1. Name the compound CH3NO2 according to IUPAC nomenclature. 2. Draw the structure of 2-nitrobutane and explain the choice of chain numbering. 3. Compare the nomenclature of 1-nitropropane with that of 2-nitropropane, explaining the differences in numbering and molecular structure.

Questions Discussion

Duration: 20 - 25 minutes

The purpose of this step is to consolidate students' learning through discussion and reflection on the resolved questions. By discussing the answers and promoting active participation from students, the teacher reinforces the concepts taught, clarifies doubts, and encourages a deeper understanding of the content. This step also provides immediate feedback, allowing the teacher to assess students' level of understanding and adjust the teaching as necessary.

Discussion

• Discussion of the Questions:

• Name the compound CH3NO2 according to IUPAC nomenclature.

• The IUPAC nomenclature for the compound CH3NO2 is Nitromethane. This compound is the simplest of nitro compounds, containing a nitro group (-NO2) attached to a single carbon atom of methane.

• Draw the structure of 2-nitrobutane and explain the choice of chain numbering.

• The structure of 2-nitrobutane is as follows:

• CH3-CH(NO2)-CH2-CH3

• The chain numbering is chosen so that the nitro group receives the lowest possible number. In this case, counting from the end closest to the functional group, the nitro group is attached to the second carbon of the main butane chain.

• Compare the nomenclature of 1-nitropropane with that of 2-nitropropane, explaining the differences in numbering and molecular structure.

• 1-nitropropane has the following structure:

• CH3-CH2-CH2-NO2

• The nitro group is attached to the first carbon of the main propane chain.

• 2-nitropropane has the following structure:

• CH3-CH(NO2)-CH3

• Here, the nitro group is attached to the second carbon of the main propane chain.

• The differences in numbering reflect the position of the nitro group in the carbon chain, altering the chemical and physical properties of the compounds.

Student Engagement

1. Questions and Reflections to Engage Students: 2. Why is it important to follow the IUPAC nomenclature rules when naming organic compounds? 3. How can the position of the nitro group affect the physical and chemical properties of a compound? 4. What are the common difficulties in naming nitro compounds and how can they be overcome? 5. Explain the importance of nitro compounds in industry and everyday life. 6. How does the nomenclature of nitro compounds compare with that of other functional groups you have studied, such as alcohols and ketones?

Conclusion

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this step is to recap the main points covered in the lesson, connecting theory and practice and highlighting the importance of the topic. This final summary helps consolidate learning and ensures that students have a clear and comprehensive view of the content presented.

Summary

• Nitro compounds have the nitro functional group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom.
• The IUPAC nomenclature of nitro compounds involves identifying the main chain and numbering it to assign the lowest possible number to the nitro group.
• Practical examples include nitromethane, 2-nitropropane, and 1,3-dinitrobenzene.
• The nomenclature of nitro compounds differs from that of other organic compounds, such as alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids.

The class connected theory with practice by thoroughly explaining the IUPAC nomenclature rules for nitro compounds and providing practical examples, allowing students to apply the acquired knowledge through problem-solving and group discussions.

Nitro compounds are essential in various industries, including the production of explosives, dyes, and medications. Knowing their nomenclature and structure is fundamental to understanding their properties and practical applications, demonstrating the relevance of the topic in everyday life and in the scientific field.