Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understanding the concept of nationalism: The teacher must ensure that students understand what nationalism is, its definition and how it can influence a country's geopolitics.

2. Review of key concepts: Students must be able to review concepts related to nationalism and geopolitics, such as the formation of nation-states, the differences between nationalism and patriotism, and the importance of national identity.

3. Analysis of practical cases: The teacher must present students with examples of how nationalism has influenced geopolitics in different parts of the world throughout history, such as the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the current conflict in Ukraine.

   • This objective aims to develop students' ability to apply theoretical knowledge to real situations, helping them understand the importance of nationalism in global geopolitics.

4. Group discussion: The teacher must encourage students to participate in group discussions on the topic, fostering a collaborative learning environment and improving their communication and argumentation skills.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of concepts: The teacher should begin the lesson by recalling the basic concepts that are fundamental to understanding the topic of the lesson. This may include a brief review of what geopolitics, the formation of nation-states, the difference between nationalism and patriotism, and the importance of national identity are. This review can be done through direct questions to students or through a brief summary presented by the teacher.

2. Problem situations: Next, the teacher should propose two problem situations that involve the theme of the lesson. For example, "How can nationalism influence the geopolitics of a country in conflict?" or "Why is nationalism considered a key factor in the disintegration of Yugoslavia?". These questions should serve as a trigger for the Development of the lesson content.

3. Contextualization of the theme: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the theme, explaining how nationalism has been a determining factor in several geopolitical events throughout history. Recent examples can be cited, such as the Brexit in the United Kingdom and the rise of populist nationalism in various countries, to demonstrate how the theme is relevant and current.

4. Getting students' attention: To arouse students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities or stories related to the topic. For example, one can tell the story of the unification of Italy and Germany in the 19th century, which were largely driven by nationalism, or the story of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, which was exacerbated by nationalist tensions. In addition, the teacher can mention how nationalism has been portrayed in movies, books and music, and how this can influence young people's perceptions of the subject.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Presentation of the Theory (10 - 15 minutes): The teacher should begin by presenting the theory on nationalism and geopolitics. This may include:

   • Definition of Nationalism: The teacher should explain that nationalism is a sense of belonging and loyalty to a nation, usually associated with a desire for political self-determination. The teacher should emphasize that nationalism can be both a positive force, uniting people around a common goal, and a negative force, leading to conflict and exclusion of other groups.

   • Nationalism and Geopolitics: The teacher should explain how nationalism can influence a country's geopolitics, affecting its relations with other nations, its internal and external policies, and even its borders. The teacher should emphasize that nationalism can be used as a political tool, both to strengthen a country and to justify aggressive or discriminatory actions.

   • Practical Examples: The teacher should present examples of how nationalism has influenced geopolitics in different parts of the world. This may include the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the conflict in Ukraine, the unification of Italy and Germany, among others. The teacher should explain how nationalism played a role in these situations, and how it affected the geopolitics of these countries.

2. Practical Activity (5 - 10 minutes): After the presentation of the theory, the teacher should propose a practical activity for the students. This activity may involve the analysis of a case study on a recent geopolitical conflict, and the discussion on how nationalism has influenced this conflict. The teacher should divide the students into groups and provide them with the necessary study material. Students should discuss the case, identify the nationalist factors involved, and present their conclusions to the class. The teacher should monitor the discussions and provide guidance as necessary.

3. Group Discussion (5 - 10 minutes): After the practical activity, the teacher should promote a group discussion based on the students' conclusions. The teacher should guide the discussion, asking questions to deepen the students' understanding of the topic. The teacher should also encourage students to express their opinions and to respect the opinions of others, fostering an inclusive and respectful learning environment.

4. Clarification of Doubts (5 - 10 minutes): At the end of the Development, the teacher should devote some time to clarifying students' doubts. Students should be encouraged to ask questions and to seek clarification on any aspect of the subject that they did not understand. The teacher should answer all questions clearly and concisely, ensuring that students have a complete understanding of the subject.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Connection with the Real World (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should encourage students to reflect on how what they have learned in class connects with the real world. This can be done through the following activities:

   • Group Discussion: The teacher should promote a group discussion on how nationalism has influenced geopolitics in the current world. Students can be encouraged to bring examples of recent news or current events that demonstrate the relevance of the topic.
   • Case Analysis: The teacher can propose the analysis of real cases, such as the situation in Ukraine or the decolonization process in Africa, so that students can apply what they have learned in class to concrete situations.
   • Individual Reflection: The teacher can ask students to reflect individually for a minute on a question such as: "How do I see nationalism influencing geopolitics in my country?". After the reflection, students can be invited to share their answers with the class, fostering a collaborative learning environment.

2. Review of Concepts (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should do a quick review of the key concepts that were covered in the class. This can be done through direct questions to students, asking them to define nationalism, explain how it influences geopolitics, and cite examples of how nationalism has influenced geopolitics in different parts of the world. The teacher should correct any misconceptions and clarify any doubts that may arise during the review.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should propose that the students reflect briefly on what they learned in class. This can be done through questions such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions do you still have about the subject?". Students should be encouraged to think about these questions and to share their answers with the class. The teacher should value students' reflections and encourage them to continue exploring the subject outside the classroom.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary of Content (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should begin the Conclusion of the class with a brief summary of the main points covered. He can recall the definitions of nationalism and geopolitics, the relationship between the two concepts, and the practical examples discussed. This will help solidify knowledge in students' minds and prepare them for the next stage of learning.

2. Connection of Theory with Practice (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should emphasize how the class connected theory with practice. He can recall the practical activity carried out, highlight the importance of case analysis for understanding the subject, and stress how the knowledge acquired in class can be applied to understand and assess real situations.

3. Supplementary Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest additional reading or viewing materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the subject. This may include articles, documentaries, books, websites, among others. The teacher should briefly explain the content of each material and why it is relevant to the class. For example, he could recommend a documentary on the disintegration process of Yugoslavia, a book on the formation of nation-states in Europe, or a news article on the influence of nationalism in contemporary politics.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the subject for the students' lives. He can explain how knowledge about nationalism and geopolitics can help students better understand current events, form their own opinions in an informed manner, and engage more meaningfully in society. The teacher should encourage students to continue exploring the topic and to reflect on how it applies to their own lives and experiences.