Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the historical background that led to the Communist Revolution in Cuba, including the influence of the United States on Cuban politics and the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista.
2. Analyze the main events and figures of the Revolution, such as Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, and the July 26 Movement.
3. Evaluate the impact of the Cuban Communist Revolution on world geopolitics, especially on the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop research and critical analysis skills through the study of primary and secondary sources on the Cuban Revolution.
• Foster discussion and debate in the classroom, encouraging students to express their opinions and interpretations on the subject.
• Promote understanding of the importance of historical context in the formation of ideologies and political movements.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Content Review: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the main facts of the Cold War, including the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union, the spread of communism, and the struggle for influence in different parts of the world. This review is essential to establish the context in which the Cuban Revolution unfolded. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Problem Situation: The teacher can propose to the students to imagine living in a country where the majority of wealth and power is concentrated in the hands of a few, while the majority of the population lives in poverty. He can then ask the students if they think this situation could lead to social and political conflict. This problem situation is designed to stimulate the students' reflection on the causes of the Cuban Revolution. (2 - 3 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher can highlight the importance of the Cuban Revolution in contemporary history, especially in the relations between the United States and Latin America. He can mention how the Revolution inspired and influenced other revolutionary movements in the region, as well as the response of the United States, which imposed an economic embargo on Cuba that continues to this day. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Engaging Students' Attention: The teacher can share some curiosities about the Cuban Revolution, such as the fact that Fidel Castro and Che Guevara met in 1955 and planned the Revolution on a boat trip they took together. Another curiosity is that the Revolution was initially welcomed with enthusiasm by many Cubans, who saw in it the promise of a better life, but many of them also became disillusioned with the communist regime that followed. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory and Historical Context (8 - 10 minutes): The teacher should explain the main antecedents of the Cuban Revolution. This includes:

   • Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship: Encourage students to understand the political and social situation of Cuba under Batista's dictatorship, including political repression, corruption, and economic inequality.
   • United States' influence: Discuss the role of the United States in Cuban politics, including the support for Batista and the economic exploitation of Cuba.

2. Key Figures (7 - 8 minutes): The teacher should present Fidel Castro and Che Guevara as the main leaders of the Cuban Revolution. This includes:

   • Fidel Castro: Explore Castro's background, his role in the July 26 Movement, and his vision for Cuba.
   • Che Guevara: Discuss Guevara's role as a guerrilla fighter and his vision for Cuba and the world.

3. Main Events (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should present the main events of the Cuban Revolution. This includes:

   • The Bay of Pigs Invasion: Explain what the invasion was, who led it, and why it failed.
   • The Missile Crisis: Discuss the crisis, Cuba's role, and how it affected the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.
   • Establishment of the Communist Regime: Describe how the communist regime was established in Cuba, including the nationalization of companies, agrarian reform, and the suppression of opponents.

4. Impact of the Revolution (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should discuss the impact of the Cuban Revolution. This includes:

   • Impact on Latin America: Discuss how the Revolution influenced other revolutionary movements in Latin America.
   • Impact on the Cold War: Explain how the Revolution exacerbated tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, leading to the Missile Crisis.
   • Fidel Castro's Legacy: Encourage students to reflect on Castro's legacy, in terms of achievements (such as literacy and public health) as well as human rights violations and lack of civil liberties.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should divide the class into small groups and ask them to discuss the following questions:

   • What was the most important factor that led to the Cuban Revolution?
   • What were the most significant actions of Fidel Castro and Che Guevara during the Revolution?
   • How did the Cuban Revolution change the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union?

   After the discussion, each group should share their conclusions with the class.

2. Connection to the Real World (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then ask the students how they see the issues discussed in the lesson related to the current world. Some discussion points may include:

   • How can economic inequality and lack of civil liberties lead to social and political conflicts, and how does this apply to current situations?
   • How did past revolutionary movements influence today's social movements?
   • How do the relations between the United States and other countries, especially those with different political regimes, continue to influence world geopolitics?

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should ask the students to silently reflect on what they learned in the lesson. He can ask the following questions:

   • What was the most important concept you learned today?
   • What questions have not been answered yet?

   This final reflection gives students the opportunity to process what they learned and identify any areas that may need further study or clarification.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by recalling the main points discussed during the lesson. He should summarize the background of the Cuban Revolution, the main events and figures, and the impact of the Revolution on world geopolitics. This will allow students to consolidate their knowledge and identify any gaps in their understanding.

2. Connection of Theory, Practice, and Applications (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory (the history of the Cuban Revolution), practice (the discussion and analysis of primary and secondary sources), and applications (reflection on the lessons of the Revolution for the current world). This will help students appreciate the relevance and usefulness of what they learned.

3. Supplementary Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher can then suggest some reading or viewing materials for students who wish to explore the topic in more depth. This may include books, documentaries, newspaper articles, or history websites. He can also provide a list of discussion questions or writing activities for students who want to deepen their understanding of the topic.

4. Importance of the Topic (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the Cuban Revolution for students' understanding of recent history and international relations. He can highlight how the Revolution continues to shape Cuba's politics and economy, as well as the relations between the United States and Latin America. Additionally, he can reiterate how the Revolution illustrates the complex and often contradictory effects of ideological conflict and power struggles.