Lesson plan of Football

Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the basic rules of football: Students should understand the basic rules of football, including the objective of the game, the role of each player, the ways to score, the fouls and the penalties.

2. Identifying the skills and positions of the players: Students should be able to identify the different positions of the players on the field and the skills required for each of them. This includes the goalkeeper, the defenders, the midfielders and the forwards.

3. Understanding the game strategy: Beyond the rules and positions, students should understand the strategy of the game. This involves understanding how ball possession, player movement and team collaboration can influence the outcome of the game.

Secondary objectives:

• Development of critical thinking: Students will be encouraged to analyze the rules and strategy of the game critically, questioning how they may vary in different contexts and situations.

• Stimulus for team collaboration: Football is a sport that requires teamwork. Thus, students will be encouraged to think about the importance of collaboration and effective communication in a team environment.

• Promotion of physical activity: Although the class is theoretical, the teacher should emphasize that football is a sport that promotes physical activity, encouraging students to practice it.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Content review: The teacher begins the class by briefly reviewing the concepts related to sports in general, such as the importance of physical activity, sportsmanship and the need for teamwork. This is essential for students to understand the relevance and complexity of football, as well as to place the sport within a broader context.

2. Problem situation 1: "How can football unite people from different cultures and countries?": The teacher asks students to reflect on one of the most fascinating aspects of football: its ability to unite people from different backgrounds, cultures and beliefs. This question serves to arouse students' curiosity and for them to realize that football is more than just a game.

3. Problem situation 2: "How can strategy influence the outcome of a football game?": The teacher proposes a second question, this time more specific to the sport. Students are asked to think about how strategy can be decisive for the outcome of a football game. This question serves to introduce the topic of strategy in football, which will be covered in more detail during the class.

4. Contextualization: The teacher highlights the importance of football, both as a sport and as a cultural phenomenon. He or she can mention the relevance of football in Brazil, where it is considered the national sport, and in other countries around the world. In addition, he or she can refer to major sporting events, such as the World Cup, which mobilize millions of people and have a significant impact on the economy and culture of the host countries.

5. Introduction of the topic: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about football. For example, he or she can mention that modern football was developed in England in the 19th century, but that primitive versions of the sport were played by ancient civilizations, such as the Chinese and the Romans. Another interesting fact is that football is the most popular and most practiced sport in the world, with over 3.5 billion fans worldwide.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Football Rules (7 - 10 minutes): The teacher begins to explain the rules of football, emphasizing the following aspects:

   • Objective of the game: The teacher should explain that the objective of the game is to score goals by putting the ball in the opponent's goal. The team that scores the most goals wins the game.

   • Use of hands: The teacher should clarify that, except for the goalkeeper, players may not touch the ball with their hands or arms. This includes the goalkeeper, but with some restrictions on where the ball can be touched with the hands.

   • Fouls and infractions: The teacher should explain that there are several fouls and infractions that can occur during the game, such as pulling an opponent's shirt, kicking an opponent, touching the ball with the hand (except the goalkeeper within his goal area), etc. Each infraction has a corresponding penalty, which can range from a free kick for the opposing team to a yellow or red card for the offender.

   • Kick-off: The teacher should explain that the game begins with a "kick-off" and that the ball is in play as soon as it is kicked forward. In addition, it should be clarified that, after each goal, the game restarts with a "kick-off" by the team that conceded the goal.

   • Offside: The teacher should explain the "offside" rule, which states that a player may not receive the ball if he is closer to the opposing goal line than the ball and the second-to-last defender (only if the player is actively involved in the game).

2. Player Positions (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should explain the different positions of the players on the field and the skills required for each of them. The teacher should emphasize the importance of teamwork and collaboration among players of different positions.

   • Goalkeeper: The teacher should explain that the goalkeeper is the only player who can touch the ball with his hands within his goal area. In addition, the need for agility, quick reflexes and communication and leadership skills should be highlighted.

   • Defenders: The teacher should explain that the defenders have the task of protecting their goal area and preventing the opposing forwards from scoring goals. In addition, the importance of being physically strong, having good marking skills and being able to disarm opponents should be highlighted.

   • Midfielders: The teacher should explain that the midfielders have the task of controlling the game, distributing passes to the forwards and helping in the defense. In addition, the importance of having good passing skills, vision of the game and physical endurance should be highlighted.

   • Forwards: The teacher should explain that the forwards have the task of scoring goals. In addition, the importance of being fast, agile, having good dribbling and finishing skills should be highlighted.

3. Game Strategy (8 - 10 minutes): The teacher explains the strategy of the game, emphasizing the importance of ball possession, player movement and team collaboration.

   • Ball possession: The teacher should explain that, in football, the team that has possession of the ball has the opportunity to score goals. In addition, the importance of maintaining possession of the ball, passing it between players and preventing opponents from recovering it should be highlighted.

   • Player movement: The teacher should explain that the movement of players without the ball is crucial for creating spaces and attacking opportunities. In addition, the importance of being constantly moving, changing position and creating passing options for the player with the ball should be highlighted.

   • Team collaboration: The teacher should emphasize that football is a team sport and that effective collaboration among players is essential for success. In addition, the importance of communicating with teammates, calling for passes, alerting to the presence of opponents, etc. should be highlighted.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Concept Revision (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should begin the Return phase by asking students to summarize the main points covered during the class. This can be done interactively, with students sharing what they have learned. The teacher should reinforce the main concepts, correct any misconceptions and clarify any remaining doubts. Students can be encouraged to ask anything they did not fully understand.

2. Connection to the Real World (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then make connections between the concepts learned and the real world. This can be done in several ways:

   • Importance of football: The teacher can highlight the importance of football as a sport and cultural phenomenon, mentioning how it influences the economy, politics and society in general. In addition, he or she can mention how football can be used as a tool to promote social inclusion, cooperation and understanding among different cultures and countries.

   • Application of rules and strategies: The teacher can ask students to reflect on how the rules and strategies of football apply in other aspects of life. For example, the importance of teamwork, the need to follow rules, the ability to plan and execute strategies, etc.

   • Football career: If there are students interested in pursuing a career in football, the teacher can talk a little about the different career opportunities in the sport, such as player, coach, referee, sports journalist, etc. In addition, he or she can mention the importance of having a solid educational background, even for those who wish to become professional players.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): To conclude the class, the teacher should ask students to reflect on what they have learned. The teacher can ask questions such as:

   • What was the most important concept you learned today?
   • What questions have not yet been answered?
   • How can you apply what you have learned today in your daily life or in other contexts?
   • What did you like most about today's class and what would you like to learn more about?

   These questions are designed to encourage students to think critically about what they have learned and how they can apply this knowledge in their lives. In addition, they can provide valuable feedback to the teacher on the effectiveness of the class and which topics may need further exploration in future classes.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should begin the Conclusion of the class by summarizing the main points that were covered during the class. This includes reviewing the rules of football, exploring the different positions of the players, discussing the strategy of the game and the importance of teamwork. The teacher should reiterate the complexity of football as a sport and cultural phenomenon, and how understanding its rules and strategies can enrich the experience of watching and playing football.

2. Connection of Theory with Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then highlight how the class connected theory with practice. This can be done by recalling the practical examples that were used to illustrate the theoretical concepts, such as videos of football games, diagrams of the field, etc. The teacher should emphasize that, although the class was theoretical, the acquired knowledge is easily applicable in practice, whether watching a football game on TV, playing football in the park with friends, or even training to become a professional player.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some extra materials that students can explore to deepen their understanding of football. This may include books on the history of football, documentaries on great teams and players, football matches to watch on TV or on the internet, and even virtual football games, which can help students better understand the strategy of the game. In addition, the teacher can suggest that students practice what they have learned by playing football at school or at home, or even by joining a local club or league.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of football as a sport and cultural phenomenon. He or she can mention how football can be used as a tool to promote social inclusion, cooperation and understanding among different cultures and countries. In addition, he or she can highlight the importance of physical activity for health and well-being, and how football can be a fun and effective way to stay active.