Lesson Plan | Active Methodology | Research: Sampling

Premises: This Active Lesson Plan assumes: a 100-minute class duration, prior student study both with the Book and the beginning of Project development, and that only one activity (among the three suggested) will be chosen to be carried out during the class, as each activity is designed to take up a large part of the available time.

Objective

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

This section of the lesson plan aims to outline the learning objectives that will steer both student and teacher activities. By clearly mapping out what we hope to achieve, students can concentrate on hands-on activities in class, which are central to the flipped classroom approach. These objectives also act as assessment criteria to check for students' understanding and mastery of the material.

Objective Utama:

1. Prepare students to design and conduct a sample survey, choosing the most appropriate sampling method.

2. Help students to distinguish between a sample survey and a census survey, justifying the choice in various scenarios.

3. Teach students how to compute and interpret measures of central tendency in sample surveys, linking theory with practical use.

Objective Tambahan:

1. Enhance critical analysis and reasoning skills relating to research methodologies.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

This introductory phase seeks to engage students with previously covered content, linking it to real-world situations that showcase the importance of statistics in their daily lives. The problem scenarios stimulate critical thinking and aid students in applying theoretical knowledge practically, setting the stage for application-based activities in class. Contextualizing the topic emphasizes its significance and demonstrates how sample surveys impact real-world decisions, boosting student interest.

Problem-Based Situation

1. Picture this: You're in charge of running a survey to find out what leisure activities students at your school prefer. How would you select the interviewees, and how many would you need to accurately represent the whole student body? Keep in mind that time and budget are major constraints.

2. During an election, we frequently hear about 'exit polls'. How do polling organizations determine whom to interview to create a representative sample, and why can these forecasts be inaccurate at times?

Contextualization

Being able to conduct sample surveys is crucial in many areas of contemporary life, from predicting election results to assessing the effectiveness of new medications. Take the COVID-19 pandemic, for example. Understanding how the virus spread across different demographics helped shape effective public health policies. Moreover, using samples in industry allows for efficient and cost-effective product testing, ensuring quality before releasing items to the market.

Development

Duration: (65 - 75 minutes)

The Development phase is crafted to give students the chance to practically and contextually apply the concepts they've previously learned about sample surveys and measures of central tendency. Through collaborative activities, they will plan and conduct a survey, gather and analyze data, and present their findings, further reinforcing their learning. This section plays a vital role in solidifying knowledge and fostering teamwork and critical thinking skills.

Activity Suggestions

It is recommended that only one of the suggested activities be carried out

Activity 1 - The Great School Sampling

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Build skills in planning and carrying out sample surveys, as well as applying descriptive statistics in data analysis.

- Description: Students will be divided into groups of up to 5 and tasked with planning a sample survey to find out which games are the most popular among their peers at school. They'll need to take into account factors such as class diversity, school size, and time and resource constraints.

- Instructions:

• Form groups of up to 5 students.

• Decide which classes will be sampled (e.g., classes from various grades).

• Identify the sampling method (simple random, stratified, etc.) and explain why they chose it.

• Design a questionnaire that aligns with the research goals.

• Simulate data collection using a fictional sample of 20 students, employing methods like drawing lots or a random number list.

• Calculate the measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) for the gathered data.

• Prepare a presentation for the rest of the class, detailing the data collection process, analysis, and results.

Activity 2 - Flavor Mystery: Taste Survey

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Engage in applying sample research methods in a fun, relatable context for students, while reinforcing the understanding of measures of central tendency.

- Description: In this activity, students will explore the most popular ice cream flavors among their schoolmates. Each group will create their own sample survey, considering class representativeness and various sampling techniques.

- Instructions:

• Organize into teams of no more than 5 students.

• Select which classes or groups will be included in the sample.

• Determine the sampling method and justify the choice.

• Prepare a questionnaire with questions about ice cream flavor preferences.

• Collect data through methods like personal interviews or online surveys.

• Calculate measures of central tendency from the collected data.

• Share the survey findings with the class, discussing conclusions and study limitations.

Activity 3 - Students' Map: Geographic Analysis

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Acquire skills in collecting and analyzing geographic data while applying descriptive statistics to interpret behavior patterns.

- Description: Students will use sampling techniques to create a 'heat map' showing the most frequented spots by students during breaks. The activity involves collecting data from various areas of the school and employing statistical methods to analyze and visualize information.

- Instructions:

• Split into groups of no more than 5 students.

• Choose the locations within the school to survey (like the courtyard, cafeteria, library, etc.).

• Design a data collection strategy that captures a representative sample of these areas.

• Gather data using methods such as direct observation or motion sensors.

• Analyze the data to pinpoint the most popular hangouts.

• Utilize data visualization tools to create a 'heat map' of the findings.

• Present the map to the class and share conclusions.

Feedback

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The goal of this feedback stage is to solidify student learning, giving them a space to reflect on their experiences and exchange insights with their peers. This discussion reinforces their grasp of sample survey concepts and measures of central tendency while nurturing communication and reasoning skills. Collective feedback provides the teacher with a broader understanding of student comprehension, enabling adjustments or supports in areas that may require further clarification.

Group Discussion

Once the practical activities are completed, bring all students together for a group discussion. Kick things off by highlighting the lesson objectives and inviting students to share how they utilized the concepts of sample surveys and measures of central tendency in their tasks. Encourage each group to discuss their methods, results, and insights garnered from the experience. This moment is key for students to reflect on their practice and explore various approaches, enriching collective learning.

Key Questions

1. What challenges did your group encounter while planning and executing the sample survey?

2. How did your choice of sampling method influence the survey outcomes?

3. In what way did measures of central tendency help improve your understanding of the data collected?

Conclusion

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

The aim of this segment of the lesson plan is to reinforce the learning experience, ensuring that students clearly understand the concepts discussed as well as the practical applications they've engaged in. Additionally, it seeks to emphasize the relevance of the topic, encouraging students to recognize how the knowledge they've gained can be utilized in their daily lives, thereby enhancing their engagement with the subject.

Summary

In wrapping up, the teacher should recap the key concepts covered in the lesson, revisiting sample surveys, sampling methods, and measures of central tendency. It's important to summarize the practical activities undertaken, highlighting the creative solutions and obstacles faced by students during their surveys.

Theory Connection

Throughout the lesson, connections were forged between theory and practice via activities simulating authentic research situations. Students had the opportunity to directly apply theoretical knowledge by selecting sampling methods and computing statistical measures, which bolstered their grasp of the concepts and their real-world relevance.

Closing

Finally, it's essential to underline the significance of studying sample surveys and measures of central tendency in everyday life. These skills are invaluable across a range of domains, from making data-driven decisions to understanding scientific and social research. Gaining insights into these concepts empowers students to be more critical thinkers and informed individuals in both their personal and academic landscapes.