Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Main Objectives:

   • Understand the concept of percentage and its applicability in daily life.
   • Learn how to calculate percentages of quantities and values.
   • Solve percentage problems using different methods.

2. Secondary Objectives:

   • Develop critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities.
   • Practice interpreting mathematical problem statements.
   • Encourage active student participation in class through discussions and questions.

Specific Objectives:

• Identify everyday situations involving the use of percentages.
• Understand the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percentages.
• Apply the acquired knowledge to solve practical problems.

Introduction (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content:

   • The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the concepts of fractions and decimals, as percentages are closely related to these two concepts. Quick exercises can be proposed to reinforce the content.

2. Problem Situation:

   • The teacher can introduce percentages with two problem situations:
     • First, students can be asked: "If in a classroom with 20 students, 10% are sick, how many students are sick?" This question aims to demonstrate the practical application of percentages, as a way to express a proportion in relation to a total.
     • Next, another situation can be presented: "If a product costs R$ 100.00 and has a 20% discount, how much will the product cost with the discount?" This question aims to demonstrate the use of percentages to calculate discounts and increases.

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher should then contextualize the importance of percentages in daily life, explaining that they are used in various situations such as store promotions, discount and markup calculations, interest calculations in financing, among others.

4. Gaining Attention:

   • To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about percentages, such as the origin of the word "percentage" which comes from the Latin "per centum" meaning "per hundred", or the curiosity that percentages have been used since antiquity, when the Egyptians used a kind of calculation ruler to perform percentage calculations.
   • Additionally, the teacher can mention some professions that use percentages daily, such as merchants, economists, statisticians, among others.

With this Introduction, students should be prepared and motivated to continue studying percentages.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Percentage Concept and its Applications (8 - 10 minutes)

   • The teacher should start by explaining that a percentage is a way to represent a part of a whole, where the whole is divided into 100 equal parts.
   • Next, real-life situations where percentages are used should be presented, such as discounts in stores, interest on loans, inflation, among others.
   • To reinforce understanding, the teacher can use practical examples, such as calculating 10% of a quantity or increasing a quantity by 20%.
   • The teacher should emphasize that a percentage is a way to express a proportion in relation to a total and that it can be converted into a fraction or decimal.

2. How to Calculate Percentage (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Next, the teacher should teach how to calculate the percentage of a value. It should be explained that to do this, one simply needs to multiply the value by the percentage in decimal or fractional form.
   • The teacher should demonstrate the calculation step by step, using examples like: calculating 15% of 200, calculating 7% of 350, among others.
   • The teacher should remind students that when multiplying a value by a percentage, the result is a part of the original value.

3. Percentage Problems (7 - 8 minutes)

   • Next, the teacher should introduce percentage problems, starting with simple problems and gradually increasing the difficulty.
   • The teacher should explain that to solve percentage problems, it is necessary to identify the total, the percentage, and the unknown part, and then apply the rule of three.
   • The teacher should demonstrate the resolution process step by step, using examples like: "If 40% of the students in a school are girls and the number of boys is 300, how many students does the school have in total?", or "A product costs R$ 200.00 and has a 15% discount. What is the discount amount?".
   • The teacher should encourage students to solve the problems along with him, promoting active student participation.

4. Practical Exercises (5 - 7 minutes)

   • To strengthen students' understanding, the teacher should propose some practical exercises for students to solve individually or in groups.
   • The teacher should walk around the classroom, assisting students who need help and checking if the calculations are being done correctly.
   • At the end of the activity, the teacher should correct the exercises with the class, clarifying any doubts that may have arisen.

With this Development, students will have acquired the necessary skills to understand and solve percentage problems.

Return (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Concepts (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Return by reviewing the main concepts of the lesson. Direct questions can be asked to students, such as: "What is a percentage?" or "How can we convert a percentage into a decimal or fraction?".
   • The teacher should encourage students to participate actively, answering questions and clarifying any doubts that may have arisen.
   • The teacher should reinforce the importance of understanding the concept of percentage and how it is applied in everyday situations.

2. Connection with Daily Life (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should then ask students to reflect on the connection between what was learned and the world around them.
   • Questions like: "How is percentage used in daily life?" or "In what situations have you had to calculate percentages?" can be asked.
   • The teacher should encourage students to share their experiences and think about new situations where percentages could be applied.

3. Reflection on Learning (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should propose that students reflect on what they learned in the lesson. Questions like: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" or "What questions have not been answered yet?" can be asked.
   • The teacher should give a minute for students to think about the questions and then can ask some of them to share their answers with the class.
   • The teacher should remind students that it is normal to have doubts and that they will be clarified in the upcoming lessons.

4. Teacher's Feedback (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should give general feedback on the lesson, highlighting the positive points and areas that can be improved.
   • The teacher should reinforce the importance of continuous study and practice for learning mathematics, and encourage students to do the proposed homework.

With this Return, students will have the opportunity to consolidate what they have learned, reflect on their learning, and clarify any doubts that may have arisen during the lesson.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by briefly summarizing the main points covered. It should review the concept of percentage and how it relates to fractions and decimals.
   • The teacher should reinforce the methods of calculating percentages and the importance of practice for the improvement of these methods.
   • The teacher should highlight the percentage problems that were solved in class, explaining again the resolution process and the strategies used.

2. Connection of Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should then connect theory, practice, and applications. It should review the practical examples used to illustrate the theory and how these examples are applied in daily life.
   • The teacher can suggest that students reflect on how practicing percentage calculations can help them solve everyday problems, such as calculating discounts on purchases, for example.

3. Complementary Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should suggest complementary materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of percentages. These materials may include explanatory videos, educational websites, math books, among others.
   • For example, the teacher can recommend the Khan Academy website, which offers a variety of educational resources on mathematics, including percentages.

4. Importance of Percentage (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of percentages in daily life. It should remind students that percentages are present in various everyday situations, such as discounts, interest rates, inflation, among others.
   • The teacher should encourage students to observe their surroundings and identify more situations where percentages are used, thus reinforcing the applicability of the content learned.

With this Conclusion, students will have consolidated their learning about percentages, understanding the importance of this concept and how to apply it in real situations.