Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of rotation of plane figures: Students should be able to understand what rotation is and how it affects plane figures. They should be able to identify the rotation point and the rotation angle.

2. Apply rotation to different plane figures: Once the concept of rotation is understood, students should be able to apply this knowledge to different plane figures. They should be able to visualize and draw the figures after rotation.

3. Solve problems involving rotations of plane figures: Students should be able to solve problems involving the rotation of plane figures. This may include determining the result of a rotation, determining the rotation point or angle, or determining a figure after a sequence of rotations.

   Secondary objectives:

   • Develop spatial thinking skills.
   • Improve problem-solving skills.
   • Promote collaboration and group discussion.

The teacher should start the lesson by presenting these Objectives to the students. This will help focus students' attention and provide a sense of direction for the lesson.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students of the concepts of plane figures, angles, and geometric transformations, such as reflection and translation. These concepts are fundamental to understanding the topic of rotation of plane figures. (2-3 minutes)

2. Problem Situation 1: The teacher should propose the following situation to the students: "Imagine you are in a board game where your pieces are plane figures. You can rotate your pieces, but you cannot change their shape. How could you use rotation to reach a specific point on the board?" This situation will help contextualize the importance and application of rotations of plane figures. (2-3 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the Subject's Importance: The teacher should explain that the rotation of plane figures is a fundamental concept in mathematics and has various real-life applications, such as in games, cartoons, digital animations, and even in product design. (1-2 minutes)

4. Topic Presentation: The teacher should introduce the topic of rotation of plane figures, explaining that rotation is a transformation that maintains the shape and size of the figure, but moves it around a fixed point called the rotation point. The teacher can use visual examples, such as a clock, a car wheel, or an airplane propeller, to illustrate the concept. (2-3 minutes)

5. Problem Situation 2: To spark students' interest, the teacher can present a more complex problem situation: "Imagine you have a drawing on a piece of paper and a ruler. Your challenge is to draw an identical drawing, but rotated by 90 degrees. How could you use rotation to solve this challenge?" This problem situation will serve as a hook for the Development of theory and practice. (2-3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Clay Modeling Activity (10 - 12 minutes):

   This practical activity involves the use of clay to model different plane figures. Students will be divided into groups of three. Each group will receive a ball of clay and a thin metal rod. The teacher should instruct the students to model a simple plane figure with the clay (for example, a triangle) and to fix the metal rod in the center of the figure, representing the rotation point. Then, the teacher should instruct the students to rotate the figure around the rotation point, observing how the figure moves and remains the same. Students should repeat the rotation process several times, rotating the figure at different angles. They should record their observations and discussions in a notebook. This activity will allow students to see and feel the rotation of a plane figure in a concrete way, which will help solidify the concept in their minds.

2. Drawing and Rotation Activity (10 - 12 minutes):

   In this activity, students will continue working in their groups of three. Each group will receive a piece of paper, a pencil, and a ruler. The teacher should instruct the students to draw a simple plane figure on the paper (for example, a square). Then, students should choose a point in the drawing to be the rotation point and a rotation angle. Students should then rotate the figure on the paper using the ruler and pencil, keeping the rotation point fixed. They should repeat the rotation process several times, rotating the figure at different angles. Students should record their observations and discussions in a notebook. This activity will help students visualize the rotation of a plane figure and understand how the rotation point and rotation angle affect the figure.

3. Group Discussion and Sharing (5 - 7 minutes):

   After the conclusion of the activities, the teacher should gather the class for a group discussion. Each group should share their observations and discussions with the class. The teacher should facilitate the discussion by asking questions to help students reflect on what they have learned. This discussion will allow students to share their ideas, clarify any doubts, and see how their peers approached the same problems in different ways.

These practical activities will allow students to experience the rotation of plane figures in a concrete and meaningful context, which will help deepen their understanding of the concept. Additionally, the activities promote collaboration and group discussion, contributing to the development of students' social and communication skills.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion. Each group should share their solutions or conclusions from the clay modeling and drawing and rotation activities. The teacher should encourage students to explain their reasoning and discuss any challenges they faced. This will allow students to learn from each other and see different approaches to the same problem.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then make the connection between the practical activities and the theory. For example, the teacher may ask students to describe how the rotation point and rotation angle affected the figure during the drawing and rotation activity. The teacher may also question students about how the rotation of plane figures relates to other mathematical concepts, such as angles and geometric transformations. This will help consolidate students' learning and reinforce the importance of the concept of rotation of plane figures.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should ask students to reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. The teacher may ask questions such as:

   1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
   2. What questions have not been answered yet?
   3. How can you apply what you learned about rotation of plane figures in everyday situations?

   Students should be encouraged to write down their answers and share them if they wish. This reflection will allow students to assess their own learning and identify any areas they do not fully master.

4. Closure (1 minute): The teacher should then end the lesson by summarizing the main points discussed and highlighting the importance of the concept of rotation of plane figures. The teacher should also inform students about any homework assignments or readings that need to be completed before the next lesson.

This Return is essential to consolidate students' learning and for the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the lesson. It provides students with the opportunity to reflect on what they have learned, ask questions, and identify any areas that need reinforcement. Additionally, the group discussion allows students to learn from each other and see different perspectives on the same concept.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should summarize the main points covered in the lesson, recalling the key concepts of rotation of plane figures. This includes the definition of rotation, the rotation point, the rotation angle, and how to apply rotation to different plane figures. The teacher should emphasize that rotation maintains the shape and size of the figure, but moves it around a fixed point.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should emphasize how the practical activities carried out in the lesson helped illustrate and solidify the theory. For example, the use of clay and drawings on paper allowed students to visualize and experience the rotation of plane figures in a concrete way. The teacher should also highlight how group discussion and sharing of solutions helped students understand different approaches to problem-solving.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should suggest additional resources for students who wish to deepen their understanding of rotation of plane figures. This may include math books, educational websites, online videos, and interactive apps. For example, the teacher may recommend the use of a drawing app that allows students to experience the rotation of plane figures in a digital environment.

4. Applications in Everyday Life (1 minute): The teacher should end the lesson by highlighting the relevance of the concept of rotation of plane figures in everyday life. The teacher may mention that rotation is used in many areas, such as product design, games, digital animations, and even in nature (for example, the rotation of the Earth around the Sun). The teacher should emphasize that by understanding and applying the rotation of plane figures, students are developing valuable spatial thinking and problem-solving skills.

This Conclusion is essential to consolidate students' learning and to reinforce the relevance of the topic covered. By summarizing the main points, connecting theory with practice, suggesting extra materials, and highlighting real-life applications, the teacher is providing students with a comprehensive and contextualized view of the concept of rotation of plane figures.