Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Phrase and Sentence: Types of Subjects

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to prepare students for understanding the content that will be covered during the class. By clearly defining the main objectives, students will be able to focus on the essential points of the topic, facilitating the assimilation of information and the practical application of acquired knowledge. This stage also establishes a solid foundation for the detailed explanation and problem-solving that will follow.

Main Objectives

1. Identify and describe the different types of subjects: simple, compound, indefinite, and impersonal.

2. Provide clear and direct examples of each type of subject, facilitating students' understanding.

3. Explain the importance of recognizing the different types of subjects in constructing sentences and clauses.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to prepare students for understanding the content that will be covered during the class. By providing an initial context and curiosities about the topic, students will be able to connect better with the subject and understand its practical application, which facilitates the assimilation of information and active participation during the class.

Context

To begin the class, explain to the students that understanding the different types of subjects is fundamental for correctly constructing sentences in Portuguese. Emphasize that the subject is one of the essential elements of the clause, as it is the one who performs or suffers the action described by the verb. Without correctly identifying the subject, the interpretation of the sentence can be compromised. Use simple and everyday examples to illustrate the importance of this knowledge.

Curiosities

Did you know that we often use sentences with indefinite subjects in our daily lives without realizing it? For example, when we say 'They say it's going to rain', we do not specify who is saying that. This type of construction is very common and facilitates communication when the subject is not relevant or unknown.

Development

Duration: (40 - 50 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to detail the different types of subjects with clear explanations and specific examples, allowing students to understand the characteristics of each type. By the end of this section, students should be able to identify and classify subjects in clauses confidently. Resolving questions in the classroom reinforces understanding and allows the teacher to evaluate content assimilation.

Covered Topics

1. Simple Subject: Explain that the simple subject is the one that has only one nucleus (main word) that performs the function of subject in the clause. Example: 'Maria studies every day.' 2. Compound Subject: Detail that the compound subject has two or more nuclei. Example: 'Maria and João study every day.' 3. Omitted (or Elliptical) Subject: Explain that the omitted subject does not appear explicitly in the clause, but can be identified by the context or by the verbal inflection. Example: 'We study every day.' (the subject is 'we') 4. Indefinite Subject: Define the indefinite subject as the one that is not specified in the clause. Generally, the verb is used in the third person plural or the expression 'se'. Example: 'They say it's going to rain.' 5. Impersonal Clause: Explain that some clauses do not have a subject because the verb does not refer to any entity. Example: 'It rained a lot yesterday.'

Classroom Questions

1. Identify the type of subject in the sentence: 'Pedro and Ana went to the cinema.' 2. Classify the subject in the clause: 'We study for the Portuguese test.' 3. Determine the type of subject in: 'One lives well in this city.'

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the content learned during the class. By discussing the explanations of the questions and engaging the students with reflective questions, the teacher can assess the students' understanding, correct possible misconceptions, and reinforce learning. This moment also allows students to express their doubts and share their reflections, making learning more participatory and meaningful.

Discussion

• 📚 Discussion of the Questions:

• Identify the type of subject in the sentence: 'Pedro and Ana went to the cinema.'

• Explanation: The sentence has two nuclei in the subject ('Pedro' and 'Ana'), therefore, it is a compound subject. The action of going to the cinema is performed by two people.

• Classify the subject in the clause: 'We study for the Portuguese test.'

• Explanation: The subject does not appear explicitly in the clause, but from the verb conjugated in the first person plural (we), we can identify the omitted subject. So, it is an omitted subject.

• Determine the type of subject in: 'One lives well in this city.'

• Explanation: The clause uses the expression 'se', indicating that the subject is not specific. This characterizes an indefinite subject. Here, the action of living well is not attributed to a particular person or group.

Student Engagement

1. 🤔 Questions to Engage Students: 2. 3. How can we identify the subject in a clause when it is not explicit? Give examples. 4. Why is it important to recognize the type of subject in a sentence? How can this impact the understanding of the message? 5. Can anyone think of a daily situation where we use an indefinite subject? Share with the class. 6. Can you create a sentence with a simple subject and another with a compound subject to share with the class? 7. Is there any impersonal clause that you know? What is it and why?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the content learned during the class. By summarizing the main points discussed, connecting theory with practice, and highlighting the importance of the topic for students' daily lives, this section reinforces learning and ensures that students leave the class with a clear and complete understanding of the subject addressed.

Summary

• The subject is one of the essential elements of the clause, as it is the one who performs or suffers the action described by the verb.
• There are different types of subjects: simple, compound, omitted (or elliptical), indefinite, and impersonal clause.
• The simple subject has only one nucleus.
• The compound subject has two or more nuclei.
• The omitted subject does not appear explicitly in the clause, but can be identified by the context or by the verbal inflection.
• The indefinite subject is not specified in the clause and is generally used with the verb in the third person plural or with the expression 'se'.
• Some clauses do not have a subject because the verb does not refer to any entity.

During the class, the theoretical concepts about the different types of subjects were explained in detail and exemplified with practical clauses. This allowed students to visualize the application of these concepts in everyday sentences, facilitating understanding and retention of the content presented.

Understanding the different types of subjects is fundamental for the correct construction of sentences and clauses, which directly impacts the clarity and precision of communication. Knowledge like this is applicable in various everyday situations, from writing school texts to interpreting messages in informal conversations.