Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of neocolonialism in Africa: Students should be able to understand what neocolonialism is and how it manifested in Africa, especially from the late 19th century onwards. This includes economic exploitation, cultural imposition, political domination, as well as the consequences of these processes.
2. Analyze the process of independence of African colonies: Students should be able to analyze how the process of independence of African colonies occurred, highlighting the main movements and leaders, the challenges faced, and the consequences of this process.
3. Discuss the legacy of neocolonialism and independence in contemporary Africa: Students should be able to discuss how neocolonialism and independence shaped contemporary Africa. This includes discussing the persistence of inequalities, the influence of former colonial powers, and the formation of national identities.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop critical analysis skills: Through the study of these topics, students will be encouraged to develop critical analysis skills, questioning dominant narratives and considering multiple perspectives.
• Promote historical and cultural awareness: By exploring the history of neocolonialism and independence in Africa, students will be exposed to different cultures and a global perspective of history.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the content related to the colonization of Africa, highlighting the characteristics of European colonialism and the main colonizing powers. Additionally, it is important to review the situation of the African continent at the end of the 19th century, when the process of neocolonialism intensified. (3 - 4 minutes)
2. Problem Situations:
   • Situation 1: The teacher can propose the following situation: "Imagine you are a leader of an independence movement in an African colony. What would be the main challenges you would face? What strategies would you use to achieve independence?" (2 - 3 minutes)
   • Situation 2: Next, the teacher can present another situation: "Suppose you are an ordinary citizen living in an African colony after independence. What changes would you expect to see in your daily life and in your community? What challenges would still persist?" (2 - 3 minutes)
3. Contextualization:
   • The teacher should explain that neocolonialism and independence are fundamental historical events that shaped contemporary Africa. He can highlight how these processes influenced the economy, politics, culture, and society of the continent. (2 - 3 minutes)
4. Introduction to the Topic:
   • Curiosity 1: The teacher can share the fact that, at the beginning of the 20th century, most of the African territory was controlled by European countries, and that the independence of these colonies was only achieved after a long and complex process, in some cases marked by armed conflicts. (1 - 2 minutes)
   • Curiosity 2: A second interesting curiosity is that, although African colonies became politically independent, many of them still face challenges related to economic exploitation and the influence of former colonial powers. (1 - 2 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Simulation Activity: "The Path to Independence" (10 - 12 minutes)
   • Materials Needed: Map of Africa, cards with information about the colonies and former colonial powers, cards with information about independence movements, cards with challenging situations.
   • Description: Students will be divided into groups of five. Each group will receive a set of materials, including a map of Africa, cards with information about the colonies and former colonial powers, cards with information about independence movements, and cards with challenging situations.
   • Step by Step:
     1. Each group should study the cards and familiarize themselves with the provided information.
     2. Then, the teacher will present a challenging situation to each group, such as lack of international support, repression by the colonial government, ethnic division, etc.
     3. The groups should discuss and decide how they would deal with the situation, considering the information on their cards.
     4. In the end, each group should present their solution and justify their decisions based on the provided information.
2. Practical Activity: "The Legacy of Neocolonialism" (10 - 12 minutes)
   • Materials Needed: News articles, images, videos.
   • Description: In this activity, students will be challenged to think about how neocolonialism continues to affect contemporary Africa. They will be encouraged to find current examples of economic exploitation, political domination, and cultural imposition.
   • Step by Step:
     1. Students, still in their groups, should research and select a contemporary example of neocolonialism in Africa.
     2. They should prepare a short presentation (maximum of 3 minutes) to share their findings with the class.
     3. The presentations should include a description of the chosen example, an explanation of how it relates to neocolonialism, and a discussion on the possible consequences of this phenomenon.
     4. After the presentations, there will be time for questions and discussion.
     5. The teacher should guide the discussion, encouraging students to make connections with the lesson content and to think critically about the topic.
3. Group Discussion Activity: "Reflections on Independence" (5 - 7 minutes)
   • Description: In this activity, students will have the opportunity to reflect on the process of independence of African colonies. They will be invited to consider the achievements and challenges of this process, as well as the continued influence of former colonial powers.
   • Step by Step:
     1. The teacher should propose a series of questions to guide the discussion, such as: "What were the main achievements of independence?" "What are the persisting challenges?" "How does the influence of former colonial powers manifest in present-day Africa?".
     2. Students, still in their groups, should discuss the questions and prepare a response for each of them.
     3. Then, each group should share their answers with the class. The teacher should guide the discussion, highlighting the main ideas and encouraging students to consider different perspectives.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes):
   • Description: The teacher should promote a group discussion with all students to share the solutions or conclusions found by each group. This is an opportunity for students to learn from each other's perspectives and for the teacher to clarify any misunderstandings or difficult concepts.
   • Step by Step:
     1. The teacher should select a representative from each group to present the solutions or conclusions found during the simulation and discussion activities. Each group should have a maximum of 3 minutes to make their presentation.
     2. While the groups present, the other students should listen attentively and take notes, as they will have the opportunity to ask questions and make comments after all presentations.
     3. After the presentations, the teacher should open the discussion to the class. Students should be encouraged to share their opinions, ask questions, and comment on the presentations of other groups.
2. Connection to Theory (3 - 5 minutes):
   • Description: The teacher should make the connection between the practical activities carried out and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. He should highlight how the simulation situations and the contemporary examples reflect the concepts of neocolonialism and independence.
   • Step by Step:
     1. The teacher should briefly review the main concepts and theories presented at the beginning of the lesson.
     2. Then, he should make the connection with the practical activities, emphasizing how the solutions proposed by students reflect the process of independence and the legacy of neocolonialism in Africa.
     3. The teacher should also take this opportunity to clarify any misunderstood or difficult concepts.
3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes):
   • Description: To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect for a minute on the questions: "What was the most important concept learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?".
   • Step by Step:
     1. The teacher should explain the questions and give a minute for students to think about their answers.
     2. After a minute, the teacher should ask some volunteer students to share their answers with the class.
     3. The teacher should listen attentively to the students' answers and, if appropriate, offer feedback or clarifications.
4. Student Feedback:
   • Description: The teacher should take advantage of the end of the lesson to ask students for feedback on the class, asking what they liked most and what could be improved. This can be done anonymously if students feel more comfortable.
   • Step by Step:
     1. The teacher should explain the importance of student feedback and ensure that all opinions will be valued.
     2. Then, he should ask students to write on a piece of paper what they liked most in the class and what could be improved. If they prefer, students can submit the paper anonymously.
     3. The teacher should collect the papers and read the feedback. He can use this information to improve future classes and to recognize and reinforce effective teaching strategies.

This Return is essential to consolidate learning, understand students' difficulties, and enhance future classes.

Conclusion (3 - 5 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary:
   • The teacher should recap the main points discussed during the lesson, emphasizing the definition of neocolonialism, the process of independence of African colonies, and the influence of these events on contemporary Africa.
   • He should reiterate the legacy of neocolonialism, highlighting how economic exploitation, political domination, and cultural imposition persist in present-day Africa.
   • Additionally, he should recall the main questions raised during the practical activities and group discussion, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and contextualized analysis.
2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications:
   • The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications.
   • He should emphasize how the simulation activities allowed students to experience the process of independence and how the research activity brought concrete examples of the legacy of neocolonialism.
   • Furthermore, he should highlight how the group discussion and final reflection provided students with the opportunity to apply the acquired knowledge and to think critically about the presented issues.
3. Extra Materials:
   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of the topic.
   • These materials may include documentaries, academic magazine articles, books, and specialized websites.
   • The teacher should emphasize that autonomous study is an essential part of the learning process and encourage students to explore these materials independently.
4. Importance of the Topic for Everyday Life:
   • Finally, the teacher should explain the relevance of the topic for everyday life.
   • He can highlight how neocolonialism and independence shaped contemporary Africa, influencing the economy, politics, culture, and society of the continent.
   • Additionally, he should emphasize how understanding these historical processes can help us better understand the challenges and opportunities faced by Africa and develop a more critical and contextualized view of the world.