Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of population distribution in the world, highlighting the difference between population density and population distribution.
2. Analyze the factors that influence population distribution, such as climate, terrain, natural resources, and migration policies.
3. Develop the ability to interpret population graphs and maps to better understand the distribution of the world population.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate critical thinking and reflection on the importance of population distribution in the global context.
• Promote awareness of the inequality in population distribution and its consequences for the development of countries.
• Encourage research and autonomous study on the topic, using different sources of information.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents: The teacher starts the lesson by reviewing concepts of world population, population density, and factors that influence population distribution. This review is important for students to better understand the new content that will be presented. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-solving situations: The teacher proposes two situations to stimulate students' critical thinking:

   • "Imagine you are an urban planner and need to decide where to build a new city. What factors would you consider to decide the location? How would population distribution influence this decision?"
   • "Suppose you work in the government of a country with high population density, but most of the population lives in rural areas. What policies would you adopt to promote migration to urban areas?" (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher explains that population distribution is a crucial aspect for understanding many global phenomena, such as urbanization, migration, poverty, and economic development. Additionally, it emphasizes that population distribution directly influences world geopolitics and international relations. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Engaging students' attention: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share curiosities and interesting facts about population distribution in the world. For example:

   • "Did you know that more than half of the world's population lives in just 10 countries, with China and India being the most populous?"
   • "Did you know that population distribution is so unequal that there are overcrowded cities, like Tokyo in Japan, with over 37 million inhabitants, and nearly empty cities, like Valdez in Alaska, with less than 400 inhabitants?" (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 'Building a Populous World' (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Description: In this activity, students will be divided into groups of 4 to 5 members. Each group will receive a blank world map and a box with cutouts of circles of different sizes and colors. Each color will represent a different population density, and each size will represent the population of a specific area of the world. The teacher will provide information about the population of different countries and regions of the world, and students will have to paste the circle cutouts on the world map according to the provided information.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher divides the class into groups and distributes the materials.
     2. Each group receives a set of information about the population of different countries and regions, along with the circle cutouts.
     3. Students must discuss in groups and decide where to paste each circle cutout on the world map, taking into account population distribution and population density.
     4. After all groups finish, the teacher asks each group to present their world map and explain the decisions they made.
     5. The teacher facilitates a class discussion on the differences and similarities between the world maps created by the different groups.

2. Activity 'Migration in Action' (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Description: In this activity, students will simulate a migration scenario using a board game. The board represents a country with different regions, each with its own characteristics (climate, resources, infrastructure, etc.). Students, representing the population, must make migration decisions based on the characteristics of the regions. The teacher will provide instructions and facilitate the activity.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher divides the class into groups and distributes the materials (board, pieces, region characteristics cards, etc.).
     2. Each group receives a set of 'population' cards representing the country's population.
     3. The teacher explains the game rules: students must decide in which region of the country their population will live, considering the region's characteristics (climate, resources, infrastructure, etc.).
     4. Students, in their groups, discuss the best migration strategies and make their decisions.
     5. The teacher facilitates the activity, checking the groups' decisions and applying consequences (for example, if many people decide to migrate to a region, the infrastructure may not be sufficient, etc.).
     6. At the end of the game, the teacher facilitates a discussion about the strategies used, the consequences of the decisions, and how this relates to population distribution in the world.

3. Class Discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • Description: After the activities, the teacher promotes a class discussion about the students' experiences, the decisions made, and the implications for population distribution. The teacher should facilitate the discussion by asking open-ended questions, bringing connections to the real world, and encouraging the participation of all students.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Description: After the activities, the teacher asks each group to share their conclusions and solutions to the problem-solving situations proposed in the Introduction. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to present. The teacher should encourage the participation of all group members and ask questions to deepen the discussion.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher asks for everyone's attention and starts the discussion, inviting each group to share their conclusions and solutions.
     2. While the groups present, the teacher should note down the main ideas and discussion points on a board or slide.
     3. After all presentations, the teacher should facilitate a general discussion, highlighting the main ideas and making connections with the theoretical content of the lesson.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Description: Based on the activities and discussions conducted, the teacher connects them to the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. It clarifies which concepts were applied in the activities and how they are relevant to understanding the distribution of the world population.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher reviews the key concepts of population density and population distribution, emphasizing how they were applied in the activities.
     2. The teacher explains how the factors influencing population distribution, such as climate, terrain, natural resources, and migration policies, were considered in the decisions made by students in the activities.
     3. The teacher reinforces the importance of critical thinking and reflection in understanding population distribution.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher suggests that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. It asks questions that encourage students to think about the importance of the topic, the difficulties encountered, and the possible practical applications of what was learned.

   • Step by step:

     1. The teacher proposes the following questions for reflection:
        • "What was the most important concept you learned today?"
        • "What difficulties did you encounter when doing the group activities? How did you overcome them?"
        • "How can population distribution influence a country's development?"
     2. The teacher gives a minute for students to think about their answers.
     3. The teacher then invites some students to share their answers with the class, promoting a final discussion on the students' reflections.
     4. The teacher ends the lesson by emphasizing the importance of what was learned and encouraging students to continue exploring the topic in their research and studies.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher recaps the main points covered during the lesson, highlighting the definition of population distribution, the difference between population density and population distribution, and the factors that influence population distribution. It reinforces the importance of interpreting population graphs and maps as tools to understand the distribution of the world population.
   • Step by step:
     1. The teacher briefly and concisely reviews the key concepts of the lesson, ensuring that students understand and remember the most relevant information.
     2. It asks students questions to verify if they have assimilated the concepts and are able to apply them in different contexts.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher explains how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications of the topic. It highlights how practical activities, such as building the world map and the migration game, allowed students to apply theory concretely and better understand the distribution of the world population. It also emphasizes how understanding this topic can be applied in real situations, such as making decisions about urban planning and migration policies.
   • Step by step:
     1. The teacher briefly describes the practical activities carried out and how they allowed students to apply theory concretely.
     2. It discusses with students how the acquired knowledge can be useful in different contexts, such as making decisions about urban planning and migration policies.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute)

   • Description: The teacher suggests extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge about population distribution in the world. These may include articles, videos, documentaries, websites, and books on the subject.
   • Step by step:
     1. The teacher briefly shares a list of extra materials, explaining what each of them addresses and how they can be useful for students who want to learn more about the subject.
     2. It encourages students to explore these materials in their free time, reinforcing the importance of autonomous study and research.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Description: Finally, the teacher emphasizes the importance of the subject covered for everyday life and for understanding the world we live in. It highlights how population distribution influences various aspects of society, economy, and politics, and how understanding this phenomenon can help promote a fairer and more equitable world.
   • Step by step:
     1. The teacher discusses with students how population distribution affects their daily lives and society in general.
     2. It emphasizes the importance of understanding this phenomenon to make informed decisions and promote positive changes in their communities and the world.
     3. The teacher ends the lesson by thanking the students for their participation and reinforcing the importance of continuous study and intellectual curiosity.