Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Percentage: Discounts or Percentage Increases

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to establish a clear understanding of what will be covered in the class. By defining the main objectives, students will know exactly what skills and knowledge they should acquire by the end of the lesson. This helps to direct attention and focus during the content presentation, ensuring that everyone is aligned with the expected outcomes.

Main Objectives

1. Understand the concept of percentage and how it applies to everyday situations, such as discounts and price increases in purchases.

2. Learn to calculate percentage discounts on products and services.

3. Learn to calculate percentage increases on products and services.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to capture students' attention and contextualize the importance of the topic in their daily lives. By establishing this initial connection, students will understand the practical relevance of what they will learn, which will increase engagement and willingness to absorb the content. Additionally, providing a clear context helps build a solid foundation for understanding the concepts that will be covered throughout the lesson.

Context

To start the class on percentage, introduce the topic by relating it to everyday situations that students may experience. For example, ask if they have ever been to a supermarket and seen promotions like '10% off' or if they have heard of price increases, like when the price of a product goes up by '5%'. Explain that percentage is a way of expressing a part of a total in terms of 100 parts, which facilitates comparison and understanding of price variations.

Curiosities

Did you know that percentages are widely used in various aspects of our daily lives? From calculating school grades to determining interest rates on a loan, understanding percentages helps us make informed decisions. For example, during major sales, stores often offer high percentage discounts to attract customers. Understanding how these discounts work can help you save money!

Development

Duration: (50 - 60 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' understanding of how to calculate and apply percentages in everyday situations. Through detailed explanations and practical examples, students will develop essential skills to solve problems involving percentage discounts and increases. Solving questions in the classroom will reinforce learning and allow the teacher to assess students' understanding of the content.

Covered Topics

1. Concept of Percentage: Explain that percentage represents a fraction out of 100, meaning it is a way to express a part of a total in terms of 100 parts. Use simple examples like '50%' which means '50 out of 100'. 2. Percentage Calculation: Detail how to calculate the percentage of a number. For example, to find 20% of 150, multiply 150 by 0.20 (150 x 0.20 = 30). 3. Percentage Discounts: Explain how to apply percentage discounts on products. Use a practical example like a product that costs R$ 200 with a 15% discount, where one must calculate 15% of 200 (200 x 0.15 = 30) and subtract from the original price (200 - 30 = 170). 4. Percentage Increases: Show how to calculate percentage increases. Use an example of a product that costs R$ 150 with a 10% increase, where one must calculate 10% of 150 (150 x 0.10 = 15) and add to the original price (150 + 15 = 165). 5. Practical Applications: Discuss practical applications such as calculating discounts during supermarket promotions and price increases on products. Exemplify with store advertisements and promotional flyers.

Classroom Questions

1. A product costs R$ 250 and has a 20% discount. What is the price of the product after the discount is applied? 2. During a promotion, a supermarket offers a 25% discount on an item that costs R$ 80. What will be the final price of the item? 3. A product that used to cost R$ 120 has increased by 15%. What is the new price of the product after the increase?

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by students during the lesson, ensuring that they fully understand how to apply percentages in practical situations. Through detailed discussion of the questions, the teacher can clarify doubts and correct possible misunderstandings. Students' engagement with reflective questions promotes deeper thinking about the content and its applicability in daily life, encouraging active participation and critical thinking.

Discussion

• Discussion of the Questions:

Question 1: A product costs R$ 250 and has a 20% discount. What is the price of the product after the discount is applied? Explanation: To find 20% of R$ 250, multiply R$ 250 by 0.20 (250 x 0.20 = 50). This amount represents the discount. We subtract the discount from the original price: 250 - 50 = 200. Therefore, the price of the product with the discount applied is R$ 200.

Question 2: During a promotion, a supermarket offers a 25% discount on an item that costs R$ 80. What will be the final price of the item? Explanation: To find 25% of R$ 80, multiply R$ 80 by 0.25 (80 x 0.25 = 20). This amount represents the discount. We subtract the discount from the original price: 80 - 20 = 60. Therefore, the final price of the item is R$ 60.

Question 3: A product that used to cost R$ 120 has increased by 15%. What is the new price of the product after the increase? Explanation: To find 15% of R$ 120, multiply R$ 120 by 0.15 (120 x 0.15 = 18). This amount represents the increase. We add the increase to the original price: 120 + 18 = 138. Therefore, the new price of the product is R$ 138.

Student Engagement

1. Questions and Reflections to Engage Students:

What was the biggest difficulty you encountered when solving these questions? How could you apply this knowledge in your daily life? Give an example. Do you think it's easier to calculate a discount or a percentage increase? Why? How would you verify if a discount advertised by a store is correct? What other everyday situations do you think use percentages?

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the content learned during the lesson, ensuring that students leave with a clear and practical understanding of percentage concepts. By summarizing the main points and discussing the relevance and practical application of the topic, the teacher helps solidify knowledge and demonstrates the importance of the subject in students' daily lives.

Summary

• Understanding the concept of percentage as a fraction of 100.
• Calculating percentages of a number.
• Applying percentage discounts on products and services.
• Calculating percentage increases on products and services.
• Practical applications of percentages in everyday situations, such as supermarkets and stores.

The lesson connected theory with practice by using everyday examples that students can easily relate to, such as discounts during supermarket promotions and price increases on products. By solving practical problems during the class, students were able to see the direct application of the theoretical concepts of percentage in real situations, facilitating understanding and learning.

Understanding how to calculate percentages is extremely important in daily life. For example, when shopping, students can calculate discounts to know how much they are saving. Additionally, percentage increases are common in various areas, such as salary adjustments and price variations on products. Understanding these concepts helps students make more informed financial decisions and better understand the world around them.