Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding Percentage and its Application: The teacher must ensure that students understand the concept of percentage and how it is applied in everyday life. This includes the ability to calculate simple percentages and understand how they affect the total value of an item.

2. Calculation of Discounts and Percentage Increases: Students should be able to calculate the value of a discount or percentage increase on an item. This involves applying the concept of percentage in a practical scenario.

3. Practical Application of Discounts and Percentage Increases: Students should be able to apply their knowledge of discounts and percentage increases in real-world situations. This includes the ability to solve practical problems involving the calculation of discounts and percentage increases.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Development of Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills: By solving problems involving discounts and percentage increases, students are also developing their critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The teacher should encourage students to think critically and apply different strategies to solve the problems.

   • Promotion of Active Learning: The teacher should promote an active learning environment, where students are encouraged to actively participate in discussions and activities. This can be done through open-ended questions, group discussions, and practical activities.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Concepts: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the concepts of percentage, rate, and base that were learned in previous classes. This can be done through a brief quiz or group discussion to ensure that students have a solid understanding of these concepts. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations: The teacher can present two problem situations to the students involving discounts and percentage increases. For example, "If an item costs $100 and has a 20% discount, how much will it cost with the discount?" or "If the price of an item increases by 10%, how much will it cost after the increase?" These problem situations will serve as context for the topic Introduction and help spark students' interest. (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Topic Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of calculating discounts and percentage increases in the real world. This can be done through practical examples, such as calculating the value of a discount in a store or the price increase of a product over time. The teacher can also discuss how a lack of understanding about discounts and percentage increases can lead to overspending or poor money management. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Topic Introduction: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities or interesting applications of discounts and percentage increases. For example, the teacher can mention how some companies use marketing tricks, such as "discounted prices" that are actually the normal price, to attract customers. Another interesting curiosity is how discounts may seem larger when expressed in percentage terms than in absolute terms. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 1 - "Treasure Hunt of Discounts and Percentage Increases" (10 - 12 minutes)

   In this activity, the teacher will divide the class into groups of 3 to 4 students. Each group will receive a list of items with their respective prices and discounts or percentage increases. Students will have to calculate, using the percentage formula, the final price of the item after the discount or increase.

   Activity steps:

   • The teacher distributes the list of items to each group.
   • Students, in their groups, read the list and start calculating the final prices of the items.
   • After a predetermined time, the teacher asks each group to share the calculated final price of an item from their list and how they arrived at that number.
   • The teacher checks if the calculations are correct and provides feedback if necessary.

   Activity objectives:

   • Apply the concept of percentage in practice.
   • Develop teamwork and communication skills.

2. Activity 2 - "Increase and Decrease Game" (10 - 12 minutes)

   In this activity, the teacher will use a specially designed board game for this lesson. The game will have a shopping theme, where students will have to calculate discounts and percentage increases to advance on the board.

   Activity steps:

   • The teacher divides the class into groups and provides each group with a board game.
   • Students, in their groups, play the game. Each time they advance on the board, they have to calculate a discount or percentage increase to advance further.
   • The teacher circulates around the room, monitoring the progress of the groups and providing help if necessary.
   • The game continues until a group reaches the end of the board. The teacher then leads a discussion about the strategy used by the groups and how they applied the percentage concept to advance in the game.

   Activity objectives:

   • Apply the concept of discount and percentage increase in a playful scenario.
   • Develop problem-solving skills and critical thinking.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion about the solutions or conclusions found by each group during the activities. The idea is for students to share their findings and difficulties, allowing them to learn from each other.

   • The teacher can start by asking each group about the most challenging item they encountered during the activity and how they overcame it.
   • Next, the teacher can ask each group about what they found most interesting or useful during the activity.
   • The teacher should encourage students to ask each other questions and share their opinions and thoughts.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes)

   The teacher should then make the connection between the practical activities and the theory discussed in the Introduction of the lesson.

   • The teacher can ask students how they applied the concepts of percentage, discount, and increase in the activity.
   • The teacher can highlight how the practical application of concepts helps reinforce theoretical understanding.

3. Individual Reflection (3 - 4 minutes)

   Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they learned in the lesson. For this, the teacher can ask the following questions:

   1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
   2. What questions have not been answered yet?

   Students should write down their answers on a piece of paper or in their notebooks. The teacher can collect these reflections at the end of the lesson to assess students' learning progress and to plan future lessons.

   • The teacher should give students enough time to reflect on the questions.
   • The teacher should emphasize that there are no right or wrong answers, and the goal is for students to think about what they have learned and what they still need to learn.

4. Closure (1 minute)

   At the end of the lesson, the teacher should summarize the main points discussed and thank the students for their participation. The teacher can also give a preview of what will be covered in the next lesson.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by recalling the main points covered during the lesson. This includes the definition of percentage, discounts, and percentage increases, and how to calculate them.
   • The teacher should also highlight the practical skills that students developed during the activities, such as the ability to apply the percentage formula to real-world problems.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes):

   • Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory of discounts and percentage increases to practice. This can be done by reviewing the activities carried out and how they illustrate the application of theoretical concepts.
   • The teacher should emphasize that the goal of the lesson was not only for students to understand the theory but also to be able to apply it in practical situations.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute):

   • The teacher can suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of discounts and percentage increases. This may include math books, educational websites with interactive exercises, or explanatory videos.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes):

   • Finally, the teacher should explain the importance of knowledge about discounts and percentage increases in daily life. This can be done through practical examples, such as the ability to calculate the real value of a discount when shopping, or the importance of understanding how prices change over time due to percentage increases.

   • The teacher can also emphasize the relevance of the skills developed during the lesson, such as critical thinking and problem-solving, which are valuable in many aspects of life beyond mathematics.