Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the Reproductive Cycle: The teacher must ensure that students understand the concept of the reproductive cycle, both in plants and animals. This includes discussing the importance of reproduction for the perpetuation of species, the mechanisms of sexual reproduction, and the differences between this type of reproduction and asexual reproduction.

2. Identification of Reproductive Organs: The teacher should teach students to identify the main reproductive organs in plants and animals, as well as their functions. This includes studying female and male reproductive organs, and how they contribute to reproduction.

3. Understanding the Pollination Process: The teacher must ensure that students understand the pollination process in plants, including differentiating between anemophilous and zoophilous pollination. In addition, students should be able to identify the parts of the flower and their functions in the pollination process.

Secondary Objectives:

• Development of Research Skills: During the lesson, students will be encouraged to research more about the topic in order to deepen their knowledge and clarify any doubts. This will help develop their research skills and learn how to find relevant information.

• Encouragement of Active Participation: The teacher should encourage active participation from students in the lesson by asking questions, promoting discussions, and practical activities. This will help reinforce learning and increase student engagement with the topic.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Related Content: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the concepts of reproduction and heredity that were learned in previous classes. This can be done through quick questions to assess students' prior knowledge and prepare them for the new content. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Presentation of Problem Situations: The teacher can propose two problem situations to stimulate students' critical thinking.

   • First, they can talk about the extinction of a plant species in a certain location and ask students how this could affect the local ecosystem.
   • Next, they can discuss the reproduction of an animal species that only occurs under certain environmental conditions and ask students how changes in these conditions could affect the reproduction of these animals. (3 - 4 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the Subject's Importance: The teacher should explain to students the importance of studying reproduction in plants and animals. It should be highlighted how this process is essential for maintaining biodiversity and the survival of species. Additionally, it can be mentioned how understanding reproduction has practical applications, such as in agriculture and animal breeding. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction of the Topic with Curiosities and Stories: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities and stories related to the topic.

   • For example, they can talk about the world's largest flower, the Rafflesia arnoldii, which blooms only once every two years and produces a strong smell to attract pollinating insects.
   • Another curiosity could be about the clownfish, which changes sex throughout its life, starting as male and, if necessary, becoming female for reproduction. (3 - 4 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory of Reproduction in Plants and Animals (10 - 12 minutes):

   1.1. Reproduction in Plants: The teacher should start by explaining the processes of reproduction in plants, focusing on sexual reproduction. It should address pollination, fertilization, and seed formation. Images and/or flower models can be used to demonstrate the reproductive organs and the pollination process. (4 - 5 minutes)

   1.2. Reproduction in Animals: Next, the teacher should move on to reproduction in animals, also focusing on sexual reproduction. It should address reproductive organs, the fertilization process, and gestation (if applicable). The teacher can use images or diagrams to illustrate the reproductive organs. (3 - 4 minutes)

2. Comparison between Reproduction in Plants and Animals (5 - 7 minutes):

   2.1. Similarities and Differences: The teacher should highlight the similarities and differences between reproduction in plants and animals. For example, it can be discussed how in both cases sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two different individuals, but the structures and processes involved are different. (2 - 3 minutes)

   2.2. Importance of Reproduction: The teacher should reinforce the importance of reproduction for the survival of species, and how the genetic diversity resulting from sexual reproduction contributes to the adaptation and evolution of species. (1 - 2 minutes)

3. Discussion on Asexual Reproduction (5 - 6 minutes):

   3.1. Definition and Examples: The teacher should introduce asexual reproduction, explaining that it is a reproduction process that does not involve the combination of genetic material from two individuals. Examples of asexual reproduction in plants and animals should be given. (2 - 3 minutes)

   3.2. Differences from Sexual Reproduction: The teacher should emphasize the differences between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction, explaining that while asexual reproduction generates offspring genetically identical to the parent, sexual reproduction generates offspring with a combination of genetic characteristics from both parents. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Practical Activity - Assembly of a Model of Reproductive Organs (5 - 6 minutes):

   4.1. Activity Objective: The teacher should propose to students the assembly of a model of reproductive organs, using materials such as modeling clay, toothpicks, and colored paper. The objective of the activity is for students to visualize and better understand the structure of reproductive organs in plants and animals. (1 - 2 minutes)

   4.2. Activity Execution: Students should be divided into groups and given the necessary materials. The teacher should provide guidance and clarify any doubts. At the end, each group will present their model to the class, explaining the parts and their functions. (3 - 4 minutes)

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion about the practical activities carried out. Each group will have up to 2 minutes to share their model of reproductive organs and explain the function of each part. During the presentations, the teacher should encourage other students to ask questions and make comments, thus promoting interaction and the exchange of ideas.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher should make the connection between the practical activities and the theory discussed. It should be highlighted how the assembly of the model helped visualize and better understand the structure of reproductive organs in plants and animals. The teacher can also reinforce the concepts of sexual and asexual reproduction, and the importance of pollination for plant reproduction.

3. Individual Reflection (2 minutes): The teacher should propose that students reflect individually for one minute on what they learned in the lesson. They should think about the answers to the following questions:

   3.1. What was the most important concept learned today? 3.2. What questions have not been answered yet? 3.3. How can I apply what I learned today in real situations?

4. Sharing of Reflections (1 - 2 minutes): After individual reflection, the teacher should ask some students to share their answers with the class. This will not only allow the teacher to assess students' understanding of the topic, but also promote a collaborative learning environment where students can learn from each other.

5. Lesson Closure (1 minute): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should briefly recap the main points discussed and tasks performed. Students should also be informed about the topic of the next lesson and any readings or tasks that should be prepared in advance.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by giving a brief summary of the main points covered. This includes the definition and examples of reproduction in plants and animals, the explanation of the reproductive cycle, the identification of reproductive organs, and the process of pollination. Additionally, the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction should be reinforced.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. It can be mentioned how theory was reinforced through the activity of assembling the model of reproductive organs, and how these concepts have practical applications, such as in agriculture and animal breeding.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute): The teacher should suggest some materials for further study, so that students can delve even deeper into the subject. This may include books, articles, videos, and educational websites. For example, the teacher may recommend reading a chapter from a biology book, watching a video about pollination, or researching the reproduction of a plant or animal species of interest to the student.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the subject for students' daily lives. It should be explained how reproduction is fundamental for the perpetuation of species and the maintenance of biodiversity. Additionally, the teacher may mention how knowledge about reproduction can be useful in various careers, such as veterinary medicine, agriculture, marine biology, among others.

5. Lesson Closure (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should thank the students for their participation, encourage them to continue studying the subject, and inform them about the next lesson. The teacher should also be available to answer any questions students may have after the lesson.