Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the physical and human aspects of China: Students should be able to identify and describe the main geographical characteristics of China, including its location, climate, relief, and natural resources. Additionally, they should understand the importance of the Chinese population, its distribution, and how geography influences people's lives.

2. Analyze the influence of natural aspects on human life in China: Students should be able to relate geographical factors to human activities in China, such as agriculture, industry, and tourism. They should also be able to identify how geography affects Chinese culture and society.

3. Develop critical thinking and analytical skills: Students should be encouraged to think critically and analyze information, formulating questions and arguments based on their knowledge of China's geography. They should also be able to use reliable sources of information for research and discussion.

Secondary Objectives:

• Stimulate students' interest in Chinese geography and culture: Through the study of China's geography, students will have the opportunity to learn more about Chinese culture and society, which may spark their interest in these topics.

• Promote global awareness: By studying the geography of such an important country like China, students will have the chance to better understand the interdependence between countries and the consequences of human actions on the environment.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents: The teacher should start the lesson by reviewing the concepts of physical and human geography, highlighting the importance of understanding how natural aspects influence human activities. Additionally, it may be useful to review concepts of population and demographic distribution.

2. Problem situation 1: The teacher can present the following question: "China is the most populous country in the world. How does China's geography influence the lives of over 1.4 billion people?" This question serves to arouse students' curiosity and introduce the topic of the lesson.

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain to students the importance of studying China, a country with ancient history and growing global influence. He can mention how China's geography affects the country's economy, politics, and culture, and how this impacts the world.

4. Curiosities and Stories: The teacher can share some curiosities about China to grab students' attention. For example, he can mention that China is the third largest country in the world in terms of area, but most of its population lives in just 10% of the territory. Another curiosity is that China has one of the greatest varieties of climate in the world, with deserts, mountains, plains, and coastlines.

5. Problem situation 2: The teacher can present another question: "China is known as the 'world's factory.' What does this mean and how does China's geography contribute to this?" This question serves to introduce the concept of how geography influences the economy and human activities.

6. Capturing students' attention: To capture students' attention, the teacher can show impressive images and videos of Chinese geography, such as the Great Wall of China, the Zhangjiajie mountains, the Longsheng rice terraces, and the modern city of Shanghai. Additionally, he can share interesting stories about Chinese culture and history, such as the legend of Mulan, the construction of the Great Wall, and the invention of paper and the compass.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory - Physical Aspects of China (5 - 7 minutes):

   1.1. Location - The teacher should explain that China is located in East Asia and borders 14 countries, including India, Russia, and North Korea.

   1.2. Relief - The teacher should describe that China has a wide variety of reliefs, including plains in the east, mountains in the west and southwest (such as the Himalayas), and deserts in the north.

   1.3. Climate - The teacher should explain that China has one of the greatest climate variations in the world, with regions ranging from tropical to subarctic. He should emphasize the influence of relief and geographical location on the formation of different climates.

   1.4. Natural Resources - The teacher should discuss China's main natural resources, such as coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, among others. He should explain how China's geography influences the distribution of these resources and the country's economy.

2. Theory - Human Aspects of China (5 - 7 minutes):

   2.1. Population - The teacher should emphasize that China is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.4 billion inhabitants. He should discuss the demographic distribution of the Chinese population, with the majority living in the east and along the coastal areas.

   2.2. Human Activities - The teacher should explain how geography influences human activities in China, such as agriculture, industry, and tourism. For example, he can mention that the Yangtze River plain is one of the most fertile areas in China and that the mountains in the west hinder agriculture and transportation.

   2.3. Culture and Society - The teacher should discuss how geography influences Chinese culture and society. For example, he can mention the importance of the Yangtze River in Chinese culture and history, and how the mountains and deserts have served as physical and cultural barriers.

3. Practical Activity - Interactive Map of China (10 - 12 minutes):

   3.1. Preparation - The teacher should divide the class into small groups and provide each group with a map of China and colored markers.

   3.2. Activity - Each group should mark on the map the main geographical features of China (such as relief, rivers, climates, and natural resources) and discuss how these aspects affect human life in China.

   3.3. Presentation - After completing the activity, each group should present their map to the class, explaining their markings and discussions.

4. Group Discussion - Impact of Geography on China (5 - 7 minutes):

   4.1. Preparation - The teacher should form discussion groups and provide each group with a set of questions to guide the discussion. The questions may include: "How does China's geography influence people's lives?", "How does China's geography affect the country's economy?", and "How does China's geography influence culture and society?".

   4.2. Discussion - Each group should discuss the questions and prepare a brief presentation for the class.

   4.3. Presentation - After the discussion, each group should present their conclusions to the class. The teacher should facilitate the discussion by asking additional questions and encouraging students to think critically.

At the end of this stage, students should have a clear understanding of the physical and human aspects of China and how geography influences people's lives in the country.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review and Connections (5 - 7 minutes):

   1.1. Group Discussion - The teacher should invite each group to share the conclusions of their discussion. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to present their ideas. The teacher should ensure that all questions were addressed and that the main concepts were understood.

   1.2. Connection with Theory - The teacher should refer to previous discussions and activities, connecting them with the presented theory. He should highlight how China's geography influences human life in the country, including the economy, culture, and society.

2. Individual Reflection (3 - 5 minutes):

   2.1. Reflective Questions - The teacher should propose that students reflect individually on the answers to the questions: "What was the most important concept learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?".

   2.2. Reflection Time - Students will have one minute to think about their answers.

   2.3. Sharing - After the reflection time, the teacher should invite some students to share their answers with the class. He should listen carefully to the answers and identify any concepts that may have been misunderstood or need further discussion.

3. Feedback and Closure (2 - 3 minutes):

   3.1. Student Feedback - The teacher should ask for feedback from students about the lesson. He may ask: "What did you find most interesting or useful in today's lesson?" and "Is there anything you would like to learn more about in the future?".

   3.2. Teacher Reflection - The teacher should reflect on the lesson and students' progress. He should note any concepts that need to be revisited or reinforced in future classes.

   3.3. Closure - The teacher should end the lesson by summarizing the main concepts learned and giving a brief introduction to the topic of the next lesson. He should thank the students for their participation and encourage them to continue studying and exploring the topic at home.

At the end of this stage, students should have a clear understanding of the lesson content and be able to reflect on what they have learned. They should also feel comfortable expressing their doubts and suggestions for future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes): 1.1. The teacher should recap the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing the importance of physical and human geography for understanding China. 1.2. He should review the concepts of location, relief, climate, natural resources, population, human activities, culture, and society, and how these aspects are interconnected in China. 1.3. The teacher should emphasize how geography influences people's lives in China, from the economy to culture and society.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): 2.1. The teacher should highlight how the lesson connected theory (the concepts of physical and human geography of China) with practice (the interactive map activity and group discussion). 2.2. He should explain how the knowledge acquired in the lesson can be applied to better understand China and how geography affects people's lives in other countries. 2.3. The teacher can give examples of how geography influences the economy, culture, and society in other countries to help students see the relevance of what they have learned.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): 3.1. The teacher should suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their understanding of China's geography. This may include books, documentaries, research websites, educational games, and interactive maps. 3.2. Some examples of materials could be: the book "China: Its Environment and History" by Robert B. Marks, the documentary "Wild China", the National Geographic website with information and photos of China, the educational game "GeoGuessr" that allows players to explore different places in the world using Google Street View images, and the interactive map of China on the CIA World Factbook website.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): 4.1. Finally, the teacher should explain the importance of the subject presented for students' daily lives. He can highlight how China, as the world's second-largest economy and one of the main global actors, has a significant impact on many aspects of students' lives, from the global economy to culture and society. 4.2. The teacher can also emphasize how understanding geography and how it influences human life can help students better understand the world around them and become more informed and conscious citizens.

At the end of this stage, students should have a clear understanding of the lesson content, the importance of the subject presented, and how they can continue learning about the topic. They should also have an idea of how geography can be relevant to their lives, both in the context of China and more broadly.