Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Cohesion Element

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to ensure that students understand the importance of cohesion elements in text construction. By clearly describing what these elements are and how they work, students will be able to identify and apply these techniques in their own writing, improving the clarity and cohesion of their texts.

Main Objectives

1. Explain what cohesion elements are and their importance in text construction.

2. Demonstrate how pronouns and lexical substitutions function as cohesion elements.

3. Provide clear and direct examples for students to identify these elements in different texts.

Introduction

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to contextualize students about the importance of cohesion elements in text construction, sparking their interest and curiosity about the topic. By doing this, students will be more engaged and prepared to understand how these elements work and how to apply them in their own writing.

Context

Start the lesson by explaining that clarity and coherence are fundamental in any type of text for the reader to understand the message that is meant to be conveyed. Cohesion elements are linguistic resources that help to unite parts of the text harmoniously, creating a coherent whole. They are like the 'bridges' that connect sentences and paragraphs, ensuring the reading flows naturally.

Curiosities

Did you know that cohesion elements are so important that even famous writers and screenwriters use them to ensure their stories are understandable and engaging? Without these elements, many texts would be confusing and difficult to follow. Imagine a movie where the scenes seem disconnected; it would be hard to follow the plot, wouldn't it?

Development

Duration: 40 to 50 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' knowledge about different cohesion elements, demonstrating how each of them can be applied in practice. With detailed explanations and clear examples, students will understand the importance of these elements in constructing cohesive and coherent texts. Additionally, the proposed questions will allow students to practice and consolidate the learned content, guaranteeing an effective assimilation of the concepts.

Covered Topics

1. ❶ Pronouns as Cohesion Elements 2. Explain how pronouns can substitute nouns that have already been mentioned in the text, avoiding unnecessary repetitions. Give practical examples and show how pronoun substitution contributes to the fluency of the text. 3. ❷ Lexical Substitution 4. Detail the concept of lexical substitution, which consists of replacing a word or expression with another that has the same meaning, maintaining textual cohesion. Provide examples to illustrate how this technique can be applied. 5. ❸ Connectives 6. Demonstrate the role of connectives (conjunctions and adverbs) in linking sentences and paragraphs, creating a logical sequence of ideas. Present a list of common connectives and their uses. 7. ❹ Reiteration 8. Explain the importance of reiteration, or the strategic repetition of key words, to reinforce cohesion and understanding of the text. Show how reiteration can be used effectively without making the text redundant. 9. ❺ Ellipsis 10. Describe ellipsis, which is the omission of a term that can be understood from the context. Give examples of how ellipsis contributes to the cohesion of the text by avoiding unnecessary repetitions.

Classroom Questions

1. Question 1 2. Identify the pronouns in a provided paragraph and explain how they contribute to the cohesion of the text. 3. Question 2 4. Rewrite a short text replacing words with suitable synonyms, without losing cohesion and the original meaning. 5. Question 3 6. Use connectives to link sentences from a fragmented text, transforming it into a cohesive and coherent text.

Questions Discussion

Duration: 25 to 30 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by students about the elements of cohesion. By discussing the questions presented in the Development stage, students will have the opportunity to clarify doubts, deepen their understanding of the concepts, and see how to apply these techniques in their writing. The discussion and proposed reflections also encourage critical thinking and practical application of the learned content.

Discussion

• 🎓 Discussion of the Questions

• Question 1: Explain that the pronouns identified in the provided paragraph substitute previously mentioned nouns, avoiding repetitions. For example, if the text says 'Maria went to the market. She bought fruits.', 'She' substitutes 'Maria', maintaining the cohesion of the text.

• Question 2: Show how lexical substitution was used to change words for synonyms, maintaining the original meaning of the text. For example, 'The girl was cheerful. The girl always smiled.' Here, 'girl' was substituted by 'girl', maintaining cohesion without altering the meaning.

• Question 3: Explain how the connectives were used to link fragmented sentences, creating a cohesive text. For example, 'He was tired. Nevertheless, he continued to work.' Here, 'Nevertheless' links the two sentences, creating a logical sequence.

Student Engagement

1. 🤔 Student Engagement 2. Ask: 'What is the importance of using pronouns to avoid repetitions in a text?' 3. Ask: 'How can lexical substitution improve the clarity of a text?' 4. Propose: 'Let's identify other examples of connectives in texts you have read and discuss how they help maintain cohesion.' 5. Reflection: 'How can reiteration be used effectively to reinforce the message of a text without making it redundant?' 6. Discussion: 'What are some ways to use ellipsis to make a text more fluid?'

Conclusion

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to consolidate the knowledge acquired throughout the lesson, recapping the main points discussed and reinforcing the practical importance of cohesion elements. By finishing the lesson with a summary and discussions about the relevance of the topic, we ensure that students leave the lesson with a clear and applicable understanding of the content.

Summary

• Cohesion elements are linguistic resources that help unite parts of the text, creating a coherent whole.
• Pronouns substitute nouns that have already been mentioned, avoiding unnecessary repetitions.
• Lexical substitution involves replacing a word or expression with another of the same meaning.
• Connectives (conjunctions and adverbs) link sentences and paragraphs, creating a logical sequence of ideas.
• Reiteration is the strategic repetition of key words to reinforce cohesion and understanding of the text.
• Ellipsis is the omission of terms that can be understood from the context.

During the lesson, students learned the theory through detailed explanations and clear examples. They then applied these concepts in practical exercises, such as identifying pronouns and using connectives, which allowed a direct connection between theory and practice, reinforcing their understanding and applicability of cohesion elements in text construction.

Understanding and applying cohesion elements is crucial for students as it improves the clarity and fluency of their texts, essential skills both in the school environment and in everyday life. Cohesive texts are more persuasive and easier to understand, which is fundamental in various situations, such as writing emails, making presentations, and even in oral communication.