Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Textual Cohesion: Use of Pronouns

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to introduce the fundamental concepts of textual cohesion and the use of pronouns, preparing students to identify and apply these elements in their written productions. By understanding the importance and function of pronouns in cohesion, students will be better equipped to write clearer and more cohesive texts.

Main Objectives

1. Explain the importance of textual cohesion and the role of pronouns in this process.

2. Demonstrate the proper use of personal, demonstrative, and possessive pronouns in various contexts.

3. Encourage the practical application of these pronouns in exercises to reinforce understanding.

Introduction

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to introduce the fundamental concepts of textual cohesion and the use of pronouns, preparing students to identify and apply these elements in their written productions. By understanding the importance and function of pronouns in cohesion, students will be better equipped to write clearer and more cohesive texts.

Context

Start the class by contextualizing the importance of textual cohesion in communication. Explain that just as in a conversation, where it is essential for ideas to be connected for everyone to understand what is being said, in a written text, cohesion is crucial to ensure that the reader can follow the author's reasoning. Use simple examples, such as a cake recipe or game instructions, where clarity and connection between information are crucial for the success of the activity.

Curiosities

Did you know that the ability to use pronouns correctly can greatly facilitate communication? In movie dialogues and in the lyrics of songs that students enjoy, pronouns are often used to avoid repetitions and make the message more fluid. For example, in a song's lyrics, words like 'he', 'she', 'this', and 'that' help create a more engaging and dynamic narrative.

Development

Duration: 50 to 60 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to detail the use of personal, demonstrative, and possessive pronouns, showing their essential function in textual cohesion. By understanding and applying these pronouns, students will be able to construct clearer and more cohesive texts, avoiding repetitions and ambiguities. Solving practical questions will reinforce theoretical understanding, allowing students to apply knowledge effectively in their written productions.

Covered Topics

1. Personal Pronouns: Explain that personal pronouns replace nouns and indicate the people in the discourse (who is speaking, whom is being spoken to, and about whom is being spoken). Give examples like 'I', 'you', 'he/she', 'we', 'you (plural)', 'they'. Detail how these pronouns help avoid repetitions and make the text more fluid. 2. Demonstrative Pronouns: Highlight that demonstrative pronouns indicate the position of something in relation to the people in the discourse (close or far from the speaker and the listener). Examples include 'this', 'that', 'that one', and their feminine and plural variations. Explain how these pronouns help locate information in the text clearly. 3. Possessive Pronouns: Explain that possessive pronouns indicate possession or belonging, replacing the possessed noun. Examples include 'my', 'your', 'his/her', 'our', 'your (plural)'. Show how these pronouns help relate information of belonging in the text, avoiding ambiguities.

Classroom Questions

1. Identify the personal, demonstrative, and possessive pronouns in the following excerpt: 'Maria went to the market. She bought fruits and vegetables. This is the market she likes the most. Its service is excellent.' 2. Rewrite the paragraph below by replacing the underlined nouns with appropriate pronouns: 'The house of João is big. He lives with the family. João's family is very united.' 3. Complete the sentences with appropriate demonstrative or possessive pronouns: '___ is the book I was looking for. (this/that)', 'He brought ___ backpack to school. (his/my/our)'

Questions Discussion

Duration: 20 to 25 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the concepts addressed during the lesson, ensuring that students understand how and why to use pronouns to enhance textual cohesion. The detailed discussion of questions and active student engagement help to solidify knowledge and resolve potential doubts, improving students' ability to apply pronouns correctly in their written productions.

Discussion

• Explain that personal, demonstrative, and possessive pronouns were used to avoid the repetition of nouns and make the text clearer and more cohesive. In the excerpt 'Maria went to the market. She bought fruits and vegetables. This is the market she likes the most. Its service is excellent.', the pronouns 'She', 'this', 'that', and 'its' replace nouns and help connect ideas.

• Detail the importance of each pronoun identified in the question. For example, 'She' replaces 'Maria' to avoid repetition, 'this' locates the market in relation to the speaker, and 'its' indicates possession regarding the market's service.

• For the rewriting of the paragraph: 'The house of João is big. He lives with the family. His family is very united.' Replace the underlined nouns with appropriate pronouns, explaining that this avoids repetition and creates a smoother reading.

• Explain the choice of pronouns in the completed sentences. For example, 'This is the book I was looking for.' and 'He brought his backpack to school.' emphasizing how demonstrative and possessive pronouns identify and relate information.

Student Engagement

1. Ask students: 'Why is it important to avoid the repetition of nouns in a text?' 2. Encourage students to reflect: 'How does textual cohesion help in understanding a text?' 3. Encourage students to give examples of pronoun usage in texts they have written or read recently. 4. Question: 'What difficulties did you encounter when using pronouns in your responses? How can we overcome them?' 5. Propose a discussion on how different types of pronouns can be used in different types of texts (narrative, descriptive, etc.).

Conclusion

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the main points addressed during the lesson, ensuring that students leave with a clear and practical understanding of the use of pronouns in textual cohesion. This moment of reflection and recapitulation reinforces learning and prepares students to apply knowledge in their future written productions.

Summary

• The importance of textual cohesion in written communication.
• The role of personal, demonstrative, and possessive pronouns in textual cohesion.
• How to avoid unnecessary repetition of nouns by using pronouns.
• Practical application of pronouns in exercises of identification and rewriting of texts.

The lesson connected the theory of pronouns with practice by providing clear examples and specific exercises that allowed students to apply what they learned. The guided resolution of problems helped consolidate understanding and demonstrated the application of pronouns in constructing cohesive and clear texts.

The proper use of pronouns is fundamental for effective communication in daily life. Whether in school essays, text messages, or emails, the ability to avoid repetitions and maintain clarity is essential. Furthermore, understanding the function of pronouns can enrich the reading and interpretation of texts, such as in songs, movies, and books, making the experience more engaging.