Background
Extractivism is a very old activity that aims at exploiting natural resources. Throughout human history, extractivism has taken different forms, ranging from the gathering of food and materials in antiquity to the exploitation of minerals and oil in modern times. Extractivism is deeply rooted in our society and plays a critical role in the global economy.
Conceived by humans, the practice involves everything from harvesting fruits and plants to extracting minerals and oil. Extractivism can be classified into two types: plant-based, which involves the collection of plants, seeds, and fruits without preparing the soil for planting; and mineral-based, which includes the extraction of minerals, oil, and natural gas.
Extractivism is essential for human life and society, as it allows us to obtain the natural resources that are essential for our survival and well-being. However, this activity also has implications for the environment. Extracting natural resources can lead to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to climate change.
The importance of extractivism today is evident when analyzing economic indicators. Many countries export raw materials, such as oil, natural gas, iron ore, among others, and their economies depend on this exploitation. However, the exaggerated and irresponsible use of these resources can cause serious environmental problems, such as deforestation, soil and water contamination, and the extinction of many species.
Understanding extractivism, its advantages and disadvantages, and its impact on the environment is essential in order for us to make informed and sustainable decisions. Therefore, this project will be an opportunity to learn and reflect on this important subject.
To delve deeper into your studies on this important topic, we suggest the following sources of information:
- Book "General Geography and Geography of Brazil" - Author: Eustáquio de Sene.
- Website: Brasil Escola, Geography section. Link: https://www.brasilescola.uol.com.br/geografia/
- Video: "What is Extractivism?" from the YouTube channel Descomplica.
Practical Activity - "Exploring Extractivism"
Project Objective
The objective of this project is to provide students with a practical opportunity to study and understand extractivism in its different aspects, such as its contribution to the economy, its environmental impacts, and its social aspects.
This activity is intended for groups of 3 to 5 students, and it is estimated that each student will have to dedicate between 2 to 4 hours to complete it. The deadline for submitting the complete project, including the practical activity and the report, is one week.
Project Description
Students will have to simulate an extractivism process of their choice (plant-based or mineral-based), from identifying the resource, planning the extraction, analyzing the environmental impacts, to the destination of the extracted resource.
Required Materials
- Internet access for research
- Paper, pencils, and erasers for notes, drafts, and sketches
- Presentation resources such as PowerPoint, Canva, or Google Slides
- Optional: Various materials for practical simulation (e.g.: seeds, sand, containers, etc.)
Step by Step
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Preparation and Research: Each group must choose a type of extractivism to research and simulate. They must explore what it is, what processes are involved, how these resources are used, how extractivism impacts the environment, and what sustainable alternatives exist.
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Simulation Planning: Based on their research, they must plan a simulation of the chosen extractivism process, from identifying the resource to its extraction and use.
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Simulation Execution: Perform the simulation as planned, recording each step.
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Report and Presentation: Based on their research and the simulation, students must prepare a report and a presentation detailing their findings and reflections. The presentation must be given to the class, and the report must be submitted to the teacher.
The report must include:
- Introduction: Description of the chosen extractivism, its economic and environmental importance, and the objective of the project.
- Development: Details of the research conducted, the simulation, the results obtained, and the environmental impact studied.
- Conclusion: Reflections on the experience, lessons learned, and possible solutions to the problems identified.
- Bibliography: References of the sources used for research.
The practical project and the presentation will help students better understand the nuances of extractivism, while writing the report will help them develop their written communication and idea organization skills.
