Contextualization

Theoretical Introduction

Cartography is a crucial tool in geography, used for the spatial and visual representation of our world. It is based on the creation and interpretation of maps, which are graphic representations of the Earth's surface. These representations can include everything from physical features, such as mountains and rivers, to demographic information, such as population distribution or the location of roads and cities.

Another important concept in cartography is scale, which represents the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance on the Earth's surface. Scale can be expressed in two ways: as a graphic scale, where a graphic bar represents the distance on the map, or as a numerical scale, which is a ratio indicating the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance.

Finally, in addition to representing physical spaces, maps can describe abstract and historical concepts. For example, they can highlight political boundaries, time zones, trade routes, changes in the landscape over time, and much more.

Applied Contextualization

The study of cartographic representations and scales is extremely relevant for understanding and interacting with the world we live in. Maps are used in a variety of contexts, from geographical orientation and urban planning to data analysis and weather forecasting.

The ability to read and interpret maps is a fundamental skill for any citizen. Learning to understand scales allows us to measure distances and comprehend the dimension of spaces. Moreover, the experience of working with maps can develop valuable skills such as spatial thinking, attention to detail, and understanding of geographical patterns.

Practical Activity

Activity Title: "Exploring the World on Scale: A Cartographic Adventure"

Project Objective

This project aims to provide students with the opportunity to understand and apply the concepts of cartographic representations and scales in a practical way, thus enhancing their understanding of real and relative distance and geographical location.

Detailed Project Description

The groups will create a scaled map of the school and its surroundings using simple tools and materials. This map should include details such as the school building, recreational areas, adjacent roads, nearby landmarks, etc. In addition, each group should include a legend and both a graphic and numerical scale.

Required Materials

1. Large format paper (can be cardboard or kraft paper)
2. Ruler or tape measure for measurements
3. Pencils, erasers, and colored pens
4. Access to the internet or books for research

Step-by-Step

Research and Planning (2-3 hours)

1. Students should gather and discuss their understanding of cartographic representations and scales. They should research the concepts and how they apply to map creation.

2. The group should then plan their map, deciding which areas to include and how to represent them. They should also discuss and decide on the appropriate scale for the map.

Data Collection and Measurements (2-3 hours)

3. Students should visit the locations they decided to include in their map and take the necessary measurements.

4. They should document all their measurements and note details of the location that may be useful in creating the map.

Map Drawing (1-2 hours)

5. Using the measurements and notes they made, students should start drawing their map. They should pay attention to details and ensure that all areas are represented accurately.

6. They should also add a legend explaining their symbols and a scale chart correlating distances on the map to reality.

Review and Finalization (1-2 hours)

7. The group should review their work together to ensure the map is correct.

8. They should then color and finalize the map, ensuring it is easy to read and visually appealing.

Project Deliverables and Writing the Written Document

Groups should submit the finalized map and a written report on the project. This report should be divided into four topics: Introduction, Development, Conclusions, and Bibliography used.

1. Introduction: The group should explain the purpose of their project, the relevance of cartographic representations and scales, and how they are applied in the real world. The group should also state the project's objective.

2. Development: Here, the group should provide a detailed explanation of the concepts of cartographic representation and scale, the activity carried out, the methodology used, and the discussion of the results. This should include describing the entire process of creating the map, from planning the areas to be included on the map to taking measurements and drawing the map.

3. Conclusion: The group should summarize the project, highlighting the main learnings and conclusions drawn. This is the place to reflect on the project: what worked well, what was challenging, and what they would do differently next time.

4. Bibliography: The group should list all the sources consulted during the project.