Contextualization

Tonoscopy is a phenomenon that describes the colligative property related to the decrease in the vapor pressure of the solution compared to the pure solvent, due to the addition of a non-volatile solute. This is a property that depends exclusively on the number of particles (molecules or ions) of the solute present in the solution, regardless of the nature of these particles.

Within the chemistry content, tonoscopy is an excellent topic to work on, as it requires students to understand fundamental concepts about solutions, colligative properties, vapor pressure, and processes of evaporation and boiling. In addition to chemistry, tonoscopy is also related to physics, in topics such as thermodynamics and physical states of matter, making this project interdisciplinary.

Tonoscopy is a phenomenon very present in our daily lives and has great importance in various industrial and scientific applications. For example, tonoscopy is used in the food industry in the production of ice cream. The solute added to the ice cream (usually sugar or salt) decreases the vapor pressure of water, causing the freezing temperature of water to be lower than 0ºC, thus preventing the ice cream from freezing completely and maintaining its creamy consistency. In medicine, tonoscopy is applied in the formulation of saline solution used in medical treatments, ensuring that the osmotic pressure of the solution is the same as our blood and avoiding damage to the body's cells.

To delve deeper into the subject and prepare for the project, I recommend the following resources:

1. Khan Academy: Has excellent material on solutions and colligative properties that can be accessed here.
2. Atkins' General Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry Book: It is a very comprehensive and didactic book that addresses tonoscopy in a very clear and in-depth way.
3. Youtube - Ciência em Ação Channel: Provides a series of videos explaining colligative properties, including tonoscopy, which can be found here.

Practical Activity

Title: "Impact of Tonoscopy in Our Daily Lives"

Project Objective:

Deepen students' knowledge about tonoscopy through practical experiments, research, and the elaboration of a detailed report.

Detailed Project Description:

Students, in groups of 3 to 5 members, will carry out a series of practical experiments to observe and understand the effect of tonoscopy in our daily lives. During the experiments, they should record all data and observations they consider relevant. After the experiments, students will research more about the application of tonoscopy in real situations and finalize the project by preparing a detailed report.

Required Materials:

• Digital scale
• Thermostat
• Container for conducting experiments
• Different solutes: salt, sugar, urea, and sodium chloride
• Solvents: water, ethanol
• Clock or timer
• Thermometer
• Personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles)

Detailed Step-by-Step:

1. Each group will choose a solute and a solvent for their experiment.

2. Students will carry out a series of experiments, adding different amounts of the chosen solute to the solvent and observing the variation in the boiling temperature.

3. Students must record all data and observations they consider relevant during the experiments. This includes the amount of solute added, the initial boiling temperature of the solvent, the boiling temperature after the addition of the solute, among others.

4. After the experiments, students should conduct a detailed research to understand how tonoscopy is applied in real situations. They should look for examples of practical applications of tonoscopy and explain how tonoscopy contributes to the performance of each example found.

5. Finally, students must prepare a detailed report, explaining the theory of tonoscopy, describing the experiments carried out and the observations made, discussing the practical applications found in the research, and presenting their conclusions.

Project Deliverables:

The final project will be a detailed report, including all four main topics (introduction, development, conclusions, and bibliography) and presented in the format of a scientific document.

• In the introduction, students should contextualize tonoscopy and explain why this property is important.
• In the development, students should detail the experiment, presenting the methodology used, the data collected, and the discussion of the results. They should also discuss the practical applications of tonoscopy found in their research and explain how tonoscopy contributes to the performance of each example.
• In the conclusions, students should discuss the learnings obtained during the project, including the understanding of tonoscopy and its practical applications, and the results of the experiments carried out.
• In the bibliography, students should list all sources of information used during the project, including books, scientific articles, websites, and videos.

Remember that the project execution must be done with the utmost rigor and safety, always under adult supervision, to avoid any kind of accident.