Contextualization

In this project, we will address a fundamental topic in Physics: Thermal Transformations. This concept is directly linked to thermodynamics, a branch of Physics that studies the relationships between heat, work, and energy. To understand thermal transformations, we need to comprehend two key concepts: the idea of a system (in our case, a gas) and the notion of the system's state.

Thermodynamics is based on the so-called thermodynamic systems, which can be understood as a portion of the universe that we choose to study. An important part of the study of thermodynamic systems is ideal gases, which obey certain simple laws and are at the foundation of many thermodynamic principles.

After choosing the system, the next step is to describe its state. This is done by specifying a set of quantities, such as the pressure, volume, and temperature of the system. The three quantities are interconnected, and a variation in one of them causes changes in the others, within the limits established by the nature of the system.

Thermal transformations are processes that occur when the pressure, volume, temperature, or any other state variable of a system is altered without exchanging matter with its surroundings. These transformations can be isolated, adiabatic, isochoric, isobaric, and isothermal, each with its own peculiarities and applications.

Thermal transformations play an essential role in many aspects of our daily lives. For example, refrigeration, which allows us to preserve food for longer periods, is a thermal transformation process. Another example is the production of energy in thermal power plants, which is made possible thanks to thermal transformation phenomena.

These are just a few examples of how thermal transformations are present in our daily lives. A proper understanding of these concepts can lead us to improve and create new technologies, which can have significant impacts in a wide range of areas, from medicine to materials engineering.