Context

The theory of evolution is one of the most fascinating fields of study in biology, as it helps us understand how species adapt and survive over time. During the 19th century, two scientists, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin, developed important theories on this subject, known as Lamarckism and Darwinism, respectively. Although these theories adopt slightly different perspectives, both play a crucial role in our understanding of evolution.

Lamarckism is an evolutionary theory proposed by Lamarck, which suggests the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics, also known as the law of use and disuse. According to this theory, an organism can change during its lifetime in response to its environment, and these changes are passed on to its descendants.

On the other hand, Darwinism is an evolutionary theory proposed by Darwin that advocates the idea of natural selection. Darwin argued that organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support, resulting in a struggle for survival. Those organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and pass on their genes to the next generations.

Importance

Studying Lamarckism and Darwinism allows us to better understand how species adapt and evolve over time. Furthermore, it helps us appreciate how different scientists can have distinct perspectives on the same topic, depending on their era, observations, and available scientific tools.

But this understanding is not limited to the academic world. In the real world, the theory of evolution has practical applications in various areas such as medicine, agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and even technology. For example, understanding evolution can help scientists predict and combat antibiotic resistance, develop pest-resistant agricultural crops, and understand and preserve the genetic diversity of species.

Practical Activity

Activity Title: Comparing Lamarckism and Darwinism through Dramatizations and Debates

Project Objective

The objective of this project is to deepen students' understanding of Lamarck and Darwin's evolutionary theories, exploring their fundamental differences and points of contact. Through dramatizations and debates, students will be able to develop skills such as teamwork, communication, and critical thinking.

Detailed Project Description

The project will be carried out in groups of 3 to 5 students and must be completed within one month. Each group will be responsible for researching, preparing, and presenting a dramatization illustrating the principles of Lamarckism or Darwinism. Additionally, the groups should prepare for a debate on the two theories, defending the one assigned to them.

Required Materials

• Books, articles, and online resources for research
• Materials for creating scenarios, costumes, and objects for the dramatization (paper, cardboard, costumes, makeup, etc.)
• Space to rehearse and perform the dramatization
• Camera or smartphone to record the dramatization (optional)

Detailed Step-by-Step for Activity Implementation

1. Research - Each group should research and study in-depth the theory assigned to them (Lamarckism or Darwinism). They should understand the central principles, main arguments, and evidence supporting the theory.

2. Preparation of Dramatization - After the research, the groups should create a script for a dramatization that represents the principles of the theory in question. The dramatization can be a story, a demonstration, a parody, etc. The important thing is that it clearly represents the theory's concepts.

3. Rehearsal and Recording of Dramatization - The groups will rehearse and, if they wish, record their dramatization. The video can be a useful tool for reviewing and improving the presentation.

4. Debate - After all dramatizations are presented, the groups will participate in a debate. Each group will defend their theory (Lamarckism or Darwinism) and argue against the other.

5. Reflection and Writing - Finally, each group should write a report on their experience, highlighting what they learned, the difficulties encountered, and how they overcame them.

Project Deliverables

1. Dramatization Script - Each group must deliver a detailed script of their dramatization.

2. Dramatization - The groups must present their dramatizations to the class. If they choose to record the dramatization, they should also present the video.

3. Participation in the Debate - The groups must participate in a debate defending the Lamarck or Darwin theories.

4. Final Report - Each group must deliver a final report, which should include the following topics: a. Introduction: The group should contextualize the theme and the project's objective. b. Development: The group should detail the theory they studied, explain the dramatization they performed, and describe the methodology used for research and preparation of the dramatization. The group should also present and discuss the results obtained in the debate. c. Conclusions: The group should conclude the report by highlighting the learnings and conclusions drawn from the project. d. Bibliography: The group should list the sources consulted during the research.