Context

Theoretical Introduction

Cyclic hydrocarbons are organic compounds formed solely by carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged in closed chains, that is, cycles. They can be classified into three main groups: cycloalkanes (or cycloparaffins), cycloalkenes (or cycloalkynes), and cycloalkadienes (or cyclo-diolefins).

In cycloalkanes, all carbons are connected by single bonds, ensuring a stable chemical structure. In cycloalkenes, there is at least one double bond, while in cycloalkadienes, there are at least two double bonds. The difference in bonds directly influences the properties and reactivities of these substances.

To adequately understand cyclic hydrocarbons, it is also crucial to know about the concept of 'aromaticity.' Used to describe the unusual stability of cyclic hydrocarbon rings with alternating single and double bonds (such as benzene), aromaticity is an essential topic in this learning journey.

Context

Cyclic hydrocarbons are everywhere in our daily lives. They are found in fuels, medications, paints, plastics, and a variety of other materials. Additionally, they are also present in natural processes, such as the decomposition of organic matter.

One of the most well-known applications is in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medications, like corticosteroids, have cyclic hydrocarbon rings in their structure, demonstrating the relevance of these compounds in creating effective treatments for various medical conditions.

Furthermore, the possibility of creating new compounds through the manipulation of cyclic hydrocarbon rings opens up a world of opportunities in research and development, always seeking more efficient, safe, and sustainable solutions.

Activity

Activity Title:

"Building and Unveiling Models of Cyclic Hydrocarbons"

Project Objective:

This project aims to familiarize students with the characteristics, structure, and properties of cyclic hydrocarbons, facilitating theoretical understanding through a practical, playful, and collaborative activity.

Detailed Project Description:

Each group will be responsible for building three-dimensional models of different cyclic hydrocarbons using materials such as toothpicks and styrofoam balls or 3D printing. The three-dimensional models should clearly represent the different types of bonds (single and double) and the arrangement of atoms in the molecule.

Additionally, each group will conduct an in-depth theoretical research on the cyclic hydrocarbon represented in their model, exploring aspects such as origin, use, physicochemical properties, environmental impacts, and human health.

Finally, each group will present the model and the collected information to the class, sharing their learning and encouraging discussion.

Required Materials:

• Styrofoam balls or 3D printed atom models
• Toothpicks or barbecue sticks
• Acrylic paint (to represent different types of atoms)
• Paintbrush
• Paper, pencil, and/or computer for research

Detailed Step-by-Step for Activity Execution:

1. The class will be divided into groups of 3 to 5 students, and each group will choose or be assigned the cyclic hydrocarbon they will represent.

2. The groups will be guided to research the chemical structure of the chosen cyclic hydrocarbon and develop an initial sketch of the three-dimensional model.

3. With the sketch in hand, students will build the three-dimensional model using the suggested materials. It is important that the bonds (single and double) and the carbon and hydrogen atoms are easily identifiable.

4. While building the model, students should conduct in-depth research on the represented cyclic hydrocarbon, noting important information and research sources.

5. Once the models and research are completed, the groups should prepare to present their work to the class.

6. Presentations will be held on a specific day, with each group sharing their model and the collected information.

Project Deliverables:

1. Three-Dimensional Model of the Cyclic Hydrocarbon: This is the practical part of the project, where students will apply their knowledge of the chemical structure of hydrocarbons.

2. Class Presentation: Students must present their model and share the information collected during the research.

3. Project Report: After completing the practical part, each group must compile everything into a detailed document. The report should follow the following structure:

   • Introduction: Should contain an explanation of what cyclic hydrocarbons are, the justification for choosing the specific compound, and its relevance in the current context.

   • Development: Here, students should explain the theory behind the structure of the chosen cyclic hydrocarbon, the methodology for creating the model, and the research conducted.

   • Conclusions: This segment should contain the main discoveries made during the project and their relevance. Additionally, students can also highlight the benefits and challenges encountered during the project execution, as well as the skills developed.

   • Bibliography: Here, students should list all sources used during the research.

Students will have one month to execute the project, from group formation to the delivery of the report and final presentation.