Context

Organic reactions are processes that occur between organic compounds resulting in the obtaining of one or more products. They are classified according to the type of reaction that occurs. In our case, we will focus on addition reactions, which are a type of organic reaction characterized by the addition of atoms or groups of atoms to a molecule, without the elimination of any other atom or group of atoms. This type of reaction is very common among unsaturated organic compounds such as alkenes and alkynes.

In addition reactions, there is the breaking of a pi bond (double or triple bond) and the formation of two new sigma bonds. This change puts the molecules in a state of greater stability, therefore presenting a natural tendency. The main catalyst for addition reactions is heat, although there are also other catalysts that can accelerate this type of reaction.

Addition reactions have a wide range of applications in our daily lives. They are used for the production of various industrial chemicals, including plastics, synthetic rubbers, fibers, paints, among others. In addition, compounds formed by addition reactions are present in many medications, such as analgesics, antibiotics, and even in the production of cancer drugs.

For a better understanding and deepening of the topic, students can use the following resources:

1. Book: "Organic Chemistry - Volume 1", by Paula Yurkanis Bruice - 7th edition.
2. Website: ENEM Blog, organic reactions.
3. Video: YouTube Channel Química em Ação, Professor Paulo Valim explaining about Addition Reactions.

Practical Activity

Activity Title: The Great Challenge of Addition Reactions

Project Objective:

To understand the importance of Addition Reactions in Organic Chemistry, observing their practical application in everyday situations.

Detailed Project Description:

Students, divided into groups of 3 to 5, should conduct a thorough investigation of addition reactions, their characteristics, catalysts, applications, synthetic routes, and products. As a final result, an expository presentation will be made to the class, with the creation and execution of a practical experiment, as well as a detailed report.

Required Materials:

1. Textbooks, online materials, and other resources for research;
2. Laboratory equipment available at school or materials from home for the creation of a safe experiment related to the topic.

Step by Step:

1. Creation of the Working Group: Students should divide into groups of 3 to 5 members.

2. Study of the Topic: Each group should deepen their studies on addition reactions, exploring the characteristics, catalysts, applications, synthetic routes, and products.

3. Experiment Planning: After understanding the theory, the groups should plan a practical and safe experiment that illustrates the concept of addition reactions.

4. Experiment Execution: The experiment should be carried out carefully and safely, following the planned procedure. It is important that each step is documented photographically.

5. Report Elaboration: A report must be written containing: Introduction, Development, Conclusions, and Bibliography.

   1. Introduction: Contextualization of the topic, relevance and real-world application, and project objective.
   2. Development: Detailed explanation of theoretical concepts, experiment description, methodology, presentation, and discussion of results.
   3. Conclusion: Recap of the main points, learning, and project conclusions.
   4. Bibliography: List all sources used for the project.

6. Class Presentation: Groups should present their findings to the class, showing the experiment conducted and explaining the results.

Project Deliverables:

Groups must deliver as the final result of the project:

1. Project Report: in the format described above, the report must be complete and detailed, indicating the entire process followed during the project, from research, planning, experiment execution, and conclusions.

2. Class Presentation: each group will make a brief presentation, demonstrating the experiment and explaining the results obtained.

The written part of the project will be an opportunity for students to elaborate in a detailed and structured way all the knowledge acquired. They will have the opportunity to put into practice research, writing, idea organization, and critical thinking skills, while the practical part will allow them to exercise manual skills, problem-solving, creativity, and teamwork.