Contextualization

Introduction

The Periodic Table, a cornerstone of Chemistry, is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements. It is organized based on their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. The periodic table we use today was first proposed by the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869.

The periodic table allows us to understand and predict the properties of elements based on their position. It illustrates trends, patterns, and relationships between elements. The rows are called periods and the columns are called groups or families. The order of elements in the periodic table is based on their atomic number, which represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

Importance of the Periodic Table

The Periodic Table is the most fundamental tool in Chemistry. It plays a central role in understanding and explaining the behavior of atoms and molecules. It helps us make sense of the diverse array of matter in the universe.

The Periodic Table allows us to study and categorize elements based on their chemical properties, which in turn helps us to predict and understand the behavior of unknown elements. Without the Periodic Table, it would be challenging to make sense of the complex world of Chemistry.

Theory

The periodic table is divided into several blocks: the s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block. The s-block and p-block elements are called the main group elements, while the d-block and f-block elements are called the transition metals and inner transition metals, respectively.

Elements in a group or family have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. Elements in the same period have the same number of atomic shells.

Resources

1. Periodic Table
2. Chem4Kids - Elements & Periodic Table
3. Khan Academy - The Periodic Table
4. WebElements: the periodic table on the web
5. Interactive Periodic Table

Practical Activity

Activity Title: Exploring the Periodic Table: A Creative Journey

Objective of the Project:

The aim of this project is to understand the periodic table, its organization, and the properties of elements. The project will involve creating a detailed model of the periodic table, researching and presenting the properties of selected elements, and analyzing trends and patterns in the table.

Detailed Description of the Project:

In groups of 3 to 5, students will create a large-scale, three-dimensional model of the Periodic Table. The model should be interactive and include key information about each element. The groups will also select 10-15 elements from different groups and periods to research in detail and present their findings.

Necessary Materials:

• Large cardboard
• Colored paper or markers
• Scissors
• Glue
• Internet access for research

Detailed Step-by-Step for Carrying out the Activity:

1. Understanding the Periodic Table: Begin by researching the Periodic Table using the provided resources. Make sure you understand the organization, the trends, and the properties of elements in the table.

2. Planning the Model: Plan your model. Decide how you will represent each element, how you will show the trends and patterns, and what additional information you will include.

3. Creating the Model: Use the cardboard and other materials to create the model according to your plan. Be creative and make sure your model is engaging and informative.

4. Researching Elements: Each group member should select 2-3 elements from different groups and periods. Research the properties, uses, and interesting facts about your selected elements.

5. Preparing the Presentation: Compile your research into a presentation. Make sure to explain the properties of your elements, why they were chosen, and what they represent in the Periodic Table.

6. Presenting and Discussing: Each group will present their model and their selected elements to the class. Engage in a discussion about the Periodic Table, its organization, and the properties of elements.

Project Delivery:

The project will be delivered in the form of a written document and a presentation.

The document should contain the following sections:

1. Introduction: Contextualize the theme, its relevance, and real-world application. Also, state the objective of the project.

2. Development: Detail the theory behind the Periodic Table, explain the activity in detail, indicate the methodology used, and finally present and discuss the obtained results.

3. Conclusion: Revisit the main points of the project, explicitly stating what was learned and the conclusions drawn about the project.

4. Bibliography: Indicate the sources of information used to work on the project such as books, web pages, videos, etc.

The presentation should be engaging and informative, explaining the Periodic Table, the model, and the selected elements in detail. Each member of the group should participate in the presentation.

The project should take approximately 12 hours per student to complete and will be due in two weeks.

This activity not only aims to provide a deep understanding of the Periodic Table but also cultivates important skills like teamwork, time management, research skills, problem-solving, and creativity.